The carbonyl group here has a dipole with a delta positive carbon and a delta negative oxygen
General Mechanism with an aldehyde:General Mechanism with a ketone:
In both reactions, the nucleophile (Nu) attacks the carbonyl carbon to form a negatively charged intermediate which quickly reacts with a proton
By convention, we write the formula of an ion then its charge, e.g. CN-.
The attack from the :CN- has a 50:50 chance of taking place on either side of the C=O bond
A racemic mixture, or racemate, of each enantiomer is formed
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