备考 | AP美国政府与政治必背单词大全

AP政府与政治重要词汇分类表

Government

政府

Politics

Government

Democracy

Direct democracy

Representative democracy

Republic

Legitimate

Parliamentary system

Presidential system

A Congress

A President

The Judiciary

The Constitution

宪法

Articles of Confederation

Sovereignty

Unicameral legislature

Shay’s Rebellion

Great (or Connecticut)Compromise

Constitution

Majority Rule

Minority Rights

To propose an Amendment

To ratify an Amendment

Some key facts

Republic

Judicial review

Separation of powers

Federalism

Congress

President

Courts

Checks and balances

Faction

Federalists

Antifederalists

Federalist Papers

Coalition

The Bill of Rights

Ex Post Facto Law

Writ of Habeas Corpus

Bill of Attainder

Amendment1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10

Amendment2 & 3

Civil Liberties

公民自由

Bill of Rights

Civil liberties

Due-process clause

Equal protection clause

Incorporation

Prior restraint

Freedom of Expression

Criminaland Civil Law

Libel

Free speech

Symbolic speech

Free-exercise clause

Establishment clause

Wall of separation

Religious freedom

Exclusionary rule

Search warrants

Probable cause

The Miranda Rules

CriminalJustice

Good-faithexception

Civil Rights

公民权利

Separate-but-equal doctrine

Suspect classifications

Strict scrutiny

Reverse discrimination

Equality of opportunities

Affirmative action

Civil Rights

Affirmative Action

Rightsfor Women

Police powers

Privacy and Abortion

Gay Rights

Federalism

宪政主义

Sovereignty

Federalism

Confederation

Confederal system

Nullification

Dual federalism

Grants-in-aid

The States and the Constitution

Categorical grant

Blockgrant

Mandates

Conditions of aid

Public opinion and the Media

公益和媒体

Public opinion

Poll

Random sample

The Art of Public-Opinion Polling

Sampling error

Elite(political)

New class

Traditional middle class

Gender gap

Liberal

Conservative

Political ideology

Political parties and Interest groups

政党和利益团体

Political party

Interest group

Faction

Lobbyists

National convention

National committee

Congressional campaign committee

National chairman

Federal money

Soft money

Political machine

Ideological party

Solidary

Personal following

Single-member districts

Proportional representation

Plurality system

Caucus(congressional)

Interests Represented by Organizations in Washington Politics

Political efficacy

Solidary incentives

Material incentives

Purposive incentive

Publicinterest lobby

Pluralist theory(politics)

Cue(political)

Campaigns and Elections

选战和选举

Activist

Australian ballot

Voting-age population(VAP)

Voting-eligible population (VEP)

Registered voters

Motor-voter law

Kinds of Elections

General election

Primary election

Closed primary

Open primary

Blanket primary

Runoff primary

Presidential primary

Spots(campaign)

Visual(campaign)

Retrospective voters

Prospective voters

Critical,or realigning,periods

New Deal coalition

Split-tickets

Party-column ballot

Office-bloc ballot

Straight ticket voting

Selective attention

Political action committee (PAC)

Independent expenditures

Soft money

Matching funds

Major Federal Campaign-Finance Rules

527s

Congress国会

Party polarization

Congress

Parliament

Franking privilege

Bicameral legislature

The Powers of Congress

Runoff primary

Majority leader (floorleader)

Minority leader

Whip

Speaker

Representative

Senator

Judging qualifications

Privileges

The size of Congress

Party vote

Caucus(congressional)

Standing committees

Select committees

Joint committees

Conference committees

Major committees

Minor committees

Exclusive committees

Major committees

No-major committees

Simple resolution

Concurrent resolution

Joint resolution

Discharge petition

Restrictive rule

Closed rule

Openrule

House

Senate

Filibuster

Riders

Cloture resolution

Double tracking

Voice vote

Division vote

Roll-call vote

Veto

The Presidency总统制

Executive privilege

Veto message

Pocket veto

Line-item veto

Legislative veto

Signing Statements

Circular structure

Pyramid structure

Cluster structure

Cabinet

The President: qualifications and benefits

Trial balloon

Impeachment

Budget resolution

Continuing resolution

Budget deficit

Budget surplus

The Bureaucracy官僚制

Bureaucracy

Discretionary authority

Competitive service

Excepted service

Name-request job

Iron triangle

Issue network

Authorization legislation

Appropriation

Trust funds

Committee clearance

Red tape

The Judiciary司法制度

Judicial review

Strict constructionist approach (judicial)

Activist approach (judicial)

Marburyv. Madison

Constitutional court

District courts

Courts of appeals

Legislative court

Senatorial courtesy

The Organization of the Federal Courts

Federal-question cases

Diversity cases

Writof certiorari

In forma pauperis

Fee shifting

Standing

Sovereign immunity

Class-action suit

TheFederal Court System

Brief

Amicus curiae

Opinion of the Court

Percuriam opinion

Concurring opinion

Dissenting opinion

Stare decisis

Precedent

Political question

Remedy

Judicial activism

Making Domestic Policy国内政策制定

Deficit

National debt

Gross Domestic Product

The Federal Reserve Board

Fiscal policy

Cost

Benefit

Legitimacy

Majoritarian politics

Client politics

Interest-group politics

Entrepreneurial politics

Policy entrepreneur

Foreign and Military Policy外交政策和军事政策

Client politics

Interest-group politics

Entrepreneurial politics

Majoritarian politics

Polarization

Containment

The Declaration of Independence独立宣言

The Constitution of the United States美国宪法

TheFederalist Papers联邦党人文集