2019 AAPT PHOTO 物理摄影大赛国际获奖作品鉴赏！

AAPT PHOTO 物理摄影大赛是美国物理教师协会AAPT主办，由参赛选手拍摄一张生活中或者特意设计的可以巧妙反应深刻物理现象、物理原理的照片，然后配上不多余250字（英文）的物理解释说明。该赛事可以激发学生学习的兴趣，还可以让同学们感受到大自然和生活中物理的美。

虽然该赛事准备起来好像很容易，但获奖绝对不容易，需要非常巧妙的物理构思和解释。AAPT高中物理委员会和教育技术委员会负责组织和评审。下面就让我们来欣赏2019 AAPT PHOTO 物理摄影大赛国际获奖作品吧！

获奖作品赏析：

【Penumbra】

This photo demonstrates two simple concepts about shadows. Firstly, objects closer to a light source block more of the light, creating a larger shadow, and an object farther away blocks less light and casts a smaller shadow. However, if the closer object is smaller than the object farther away, they will cast shadows of similar size, as seen in the image. In addition, objects closer to a non-point light source cast more of a penumbra, the fuzzy edge of the shadow seen most clearly around the P, E, and N. The umbra is the part of the shadow where all light is blocked, but the penumbra is where light from one part of the light source is blocked but light from another part shines past. When an object is closer to its shadow and farther from the light, (the A for example), light rays are more parallel and very little penumbra is created because the light source is completely blocked. Moving letter by letter towards the P, however, rays of light are farther from parallel when they pass the object, and more and more light is only partially blocked, creating the blurry penumbra.

——2019年设计类第一名 by Christopher Martin Olson

【Needle Ice】

This photograph was taken on a early winter morning after several days of snow, capturing ice crystals that grew overnight on the wire of a fence. These fragile, needle-like deposits of ice, known as soft rime, are observed to occur under cold conditions and light winds, most commonly during a freezing fog. A freezing fog is a low-lying cloud formed out of water droplets that have been supercooled by the cold atmosphere. The droplets’ temperature is below the freezing point, but without anything solid to form crystals around, they can remain liquid when suspended in air. When the droplets come into contact with a solid object, they freeze and attach instantly. With light winds, the droplets bump into objects, such as the fence, and accumulate gradually on the windward side; the addition of supercooled particles form needles of ice growing into the wind. Small droplets of water which accrete slowly, rapid heat loss, and a high degree of supercooling favour the formation of the less dense soft rime as opposed to other ice deposits. Generally, rime forms at around -8?, though at temperatures far below, soft rime may appear without the presence of fog. Its structure consists of small particulate ice crystals that are separated by pockets of air, giving it its granular and opaque white appearance. However, these deposits fall away easily when an object is shaken, which is why wind conditions must be gentle in order to preserve this beautiful phenomenon.

——2019年自然类第一名 byFloria Gu

【Water Adhesion】

Water a common thing but also indispensable for every living creature, it is inevitable for the human to interact with water, but have we discover the interactions in detail? One of the cool phenomena between water and human is that water sticks with our skin for a short period when we withdraw our hand from the water. This phenomenon appears because of surface tension and adhesion, which are two common physics phenomena. Water has strong surface tension, and the reason why water has this property is that of cohesion. Cohesion bonds the water molecules on the surface, which creates a layer of connected water. Furthermore, when we put our hand into the water, water will bond with our skin and is called adhesion. With these two physics properties, while the hand withdraws from the water, the water molecules will be carried by the hand, and also the cohesion between water molecules will carry even more water from the hand’s withdrawal. As a result, water will stick with human’s hand for a short period when it is withdrawn from the water.

——2019年自然类第三名 by Yang Jiang

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