学术 | 写好新SAT作文必收藏，21种修辞手法及例句 （下）
在之前的推文学术 | 写好新SAT作文必收藏，21种修辞手法及例句 （上）中，Vicky老师提到了掌握SAT修辞手法的重要性，并为大家介绍了10 个修辞手法及例句。本文中，将继续介绍另外11个修辞手法及例句。希望能够帮大家全面地拿下SAT写作。
11. Pun 双关语
A pun is a joke that makes a play on words. A pun, also called paronomasia, uses words that have several meanings or words that sound similar but have different meanings.
双关语，也被称为文字游戏，采用具有多种含义或发音相似但意义不同的词来表达笑料。
Example 例句：
• The two pianists had a good marriage. They always were in a chord.
两位钢琴家的婚姻美满，他们总是很有共鸣。
• The lights were too bright at the Chinese restaurant so the manager decided to dim sum.
中国餐馆的灯光太亮，经理决定调暗光线。（dim the light=调暗灯光，dim sum=点心）
• I am reading a book about anti-gravity. it is impossible to put down.
我正在读一本关于反地心引力的书，看得没法放下。
12. Parody 仿拟
Parody is an imitation of a particular writer, artist or a genre, exaggerating it deliberately to produce a comic effect. The humorous effect in parody is achieved by imitating and overstressing noticeable features of a famous piece of literature, as in caricatures, where certain peculiarities of a person are highlighted to achieve a humorous effect.
仿拟是对特定作家、艺术家或流派的模仿，故意夸大它以产生喜剧效果。这种幽默效果是通过模仿和过分强调文学作品的特点，比如漫画会通过突出人的特点来达到幽默的效果。
Example 例句：
• Rome was not built in a day, nor in a year.
罗马不是一天建成的，也不是一年建成的。（仿拟罗马不是一天建成的）
• To smoke or not to smoke, that is a question.
吸烟还是不吸烟，这是个问题。（仿拟莎士比亚“To be or not to be“）
• Fifty Shades of Chicken: A Parody in a Cookbook
五十种颜色的鸡肉：食谱界恶搞著名电影《五十度灰》
13. Rhetorical Question 修辞疑问
A rhetorical question is a question that you ask without expecting an answer. The question might be one that does not have an answer. It might also be one that has an obvious answer but you have asked the question to make a point, to persuade or for literary effect.
修辞疑问是指提出一个不需要答案的问题，这个问题本身可能没有答案，或者可能有一个显而易见的答案，但是通过问这个问题提出了观点，达到说服或文学效果。
Example 例句：
• What is the meaning of life?
生活的意义是什么？
• Can we do better next time?
下次我们能做得更好吗？
• How was it possible to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worth of note?
怎么可能在树林里走了一个小时却没发现什么特别的东西呢？
14. Antithesis 对偶
Antithesis means opposite and is used as a literary device to put two contrasting ideas together. This emphasizes the difference between the two ideas and adds interest to writing.
对偶意味着对立，是把两种截然不同的观点放在一起的文学手段，强调两种观点之间的区别并增加了文字的乐趣。
Example 例句：
• Snow White and the Wicked Witch in Snow White
白雪公主和邪恶的巫婆
• “That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.” - Neil Armstrong
这一步我的一小步,却是整个人类的一大步。
• "Love is an ideal thing, marriage a real thing." – Goethe
爱情是理想的，婚姻才是真实的。
15. Paradox 悖论
A Paradox is a statement that may seem absurd or contradictory but yet can be true, or at least makes sense. Paradoxes are often contrary to what is commonly believed and so play an important part in furthering our understanding in literature and everyday life, or they can simply be an entertaining brain teaser.
悖论是一种看似荒谬或矛盾的陈述，但也可能是真实的，或者至少是有道理的。悖论往往与人们通常相信的相反，因此在促进我们对文学和日常生活的理解中起着重要作用，或者也可能只是一个有趣的脑筋急转弯。
Example 例句：
• The child is the father to the man.
儿童是成人之父。
• You can save money by spending it.
通过花钱来赚钱。
• Here are the rules: Ignore all rules.
我们的规则是忽略所有规则。
16. Oxymoron 矛盾修饰法
Oxymorons are used for a variety of purposes. Sometimes they are used to create some sort of drama for the reader or listener, and sometimes they are used to make the person stop and think, whether it's to laugh or to ponder.
矛盾修饰法被用于各种用途，有时被用来为读者或听众制造某种戏剧，有时用来让人停下来思考，无论是引人发笑还是迷惘。
Example 例句：
• Great Depression, pretty ugly, painfully beautiful, etc.
大萧条，非常丑陋，痛并美丽
• A little pain never hurt anyone.
一点点痛苦不会伤害到任何人。
• "A business that makes nothing but money is a poor business." - Henry Ford
只赚钱的行业是糟糕的行业。
17. Rhetorical Repetition 重复
Repetition is a literary device that repeats the same words or phrases a few times to make an idea clearer. As a rhetorical device, it could be a word, a phrase or a full sentence or a poetical line repeated to emphasize its significance in the entire text.
重复是一种重复几次相同的词或短语，使一个理论变得更清楚的文学手段。它可以是一个词、一个短语、一个完整的句子或一句诗，通过反复强调凸显它在整个文本中的意义。
Example 例句：
• It must be created by the blood and the work of all of us who believe in the future, who believe in man and his glorious man—made destiny.
必须通过相信未来、对人类充满信心和愿意贡献鲜血的人来创造命运。
• "I want her to live. I want her to breathe. I want her to aerobicize.“ (Weird Science, 1985)
我要她活下去。我要她呼吸。我想让她参加锻炼。
• "She's safe, just like I promised. She's all set to marry Norrington, just like she promised. And you get to die for her, just like you promised.“ (Jack Sparrow, The Pirates of the Caribbean)
“她很安全，就像我答应过的那样。她已经准备好嫁给Norrington，就像她答应的那样。你会为她而死，就像你答应过的那样。”（加勒比海盗）
18. Onomatopoeia 拟声词
Onomatopoeia in nature would be words imitating sounds in nature.
拟声词的本质是模仿自然的声音。
Example 例句：
• The grouse flutter as they take flight.
松鸡鼓动翅膀飞翔。
• Baa – sheep, arf – dogs, awoooooo - dogs and wolves.
咩-羊，汪-狗，呜-狗和狼
• Leaves rustle in the wind.
树叶在风中沙沙作响。
19. Alliteration 头韵
Alliteration occurs when a series of words in a row (or close together) have the same first consonant sound. Aside from tongue twisters, alliteration is also used in poems, song lyrics, and even store or brand names.
头韵发生在当一行中的一系列单词（或相近）有相同的第一个辅音。除了绕口令，头韵也用在诗歌、歌词、甚至商店或品牌名称。
Example 例句：
• How and why he had come to Princeton, New Jersey is a story of struggle, success, and sadness.
他为何以及如何来到Princeton，New Jersey是一个关于奋斗、成功和悲伤的故事。
• Kim’s kids kept kicking.
基姆的孩子不停地踢。
• Dunkin’ Donuts, PayPal, Best Buy, etc.
商店和品牌名字。
20. Analogy 类比
An Analogy is a comparison of two things to show their similarities. Sometimes the things being compared are quite similar, but other times they could be very different. Nevertheless, an analogy explains one thing in terms of another to highlight the ways in which they are alike.
类比是两种事物进行比较以显示它们的相似之处。有时被比较的东西会非常相似，但有时它们可能非常不同，类比用一个事物解释了另一个事物的另一方面，并强调了它们的相似之处。
Example 例句：
• Finding a good man is like finding a needle in a haystack.
找到一个好男人就像大海捞针。
• Life is like a box of chocolates – you never know what you’re gonna get!
生活就像一盒巧克力，你永远不知道你会得到什么！
• "Writing a book of poetry is like dropping a rose petal down the Grand Canyon and waiting for the echo." - Don Marquis.
“写一本诗集就像在大峡谷上抛下玫瑰花瓣等待回音”
21. Symbolism 象征
Symbolism is the practice or art of using an object or a word to represent an abstract idea. An action, person, place, word, or object can all have a symbolic meaning. When an author wants to suggest a certain mood or emotion, he can also use symbolism to hint at it, rather than just blatantly saying it.
象征手法是指用一个物体或一个词来代表抽象的概念，一个动作、人、地点、一个单词或事物都可以具有象征意义。当一个作家想要表达某种心情或情绪时，他也可以用象征手法暗示，而不是直接说出来。
Example 例句：
• Black is used to represent death or evil.
黑色被用来代表死亡或邪恶。
• A chain can symbolize the coming together of two things.
链条象征着两件事的结合。
• Roses stand for romance.
玫瑰代表浪漫。
以上，Vicky老师介绍的这21种修辞手法，希望大家都可以熟记并做到融会贯通。这样就不用再担心找不到作者的论证方法和依据，下笔的时候自然就有内容了。
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