学生习作中的常见错误总结

文章的用语、结构、立意、细节等都可以影响读者和考官对于这篇写作的印象。

我们总结了一些写作中容易出现也容易被忽视的错误，以下分析中使用的例子来自达师学生的作业，大家可以一起来参考、学习。

< 原句来自达师学生的作文修改 >

ThevsA/An定冠词/不定冠词的使用

相信大家对这两类冠词已经有过了解，关于它们的使用方式也是老生常谈，但这样的小细节我们在写作时可能会粗心忽略，所以也有必要再复习复习。

• Don't Use "a," "an," or "the" with a plural count noun when you mean "some of many things," "any," "in general."

原句：However, technology played a bigger role ten years later as the National Defense Education Act began providing schools with technology. Now, more and more schools are merging technology with education, enhancing a student’s learning experience and providing an alternative way of learning.

建议：这里，“a student's learning experience”容易让人误解为只有一个学生的体验，所以可以改为复数：enhancing students' learning experience， 或用enhancing the student learning experience

原句：Second, technology in classrooms also help the teachers with their duties. The use of technology can help teachers with most of their repetitive works, thus increasing their efficiency.

建议：原句想表达的意思应该是课堂中的科技有助于老师们完成一些任务，而非特指某一群老师，所以可以去掉“the”改为：“help teachers with their duties”

• a/an is used to modify non-specific or non-particular nouns. We often use “a” when we mention something for the first time, and then change to "the" when it is clear which thing we are talking about:

原句：It was a dark night, in a cosy house with all curtains up. The television seems to be the only light late in the night.

这一句话中用上了多个a和the，并且基本正确。第一句中，当不特指某个夜晚或房子时，可以用a。第二句中因是特指这个房中的电视，唯一的光线，及第二次提到“night”，所以用the。

一些常见的无需使用冠词的名词有以下几类：

语言和国籍：Chinese, English, Spanish, Russian (除非指某个国家的人，例如："The Spanish are known for their warm hospitality.")

运动的名称：volleyball, hockey, baseball

学科的名称：mathematics, biology, history, computer science

Run-on Sentence连写句

Run-on sentence是指两个独立的、完整的句子连接起来，而中间没有放置恰当的标点符号或连接词。这也是写作中常见的一种错误，需要多加注意。

原句：Many media claim that video game is one of the most major factor why the Violence in the US is sky soaring. But as a matter of fact it not at all seems to be true. Video games offers kid with fun instead of teaching them how to commit crime. I remember there was a time when I saw all those memes on a gaming page I liked, they were all about comparing the past war crimes to the contents of the not-at-all-invented video games.

建议：这句话中，前后明显有两个完整的句子，其中却用逗号连接，因此出现了run on sentence的错误。可以讲逗号改为句号。

我们也可以通过加入适当的连接词来纠正这种错误，如：

原句：My professor read my paper, she said it was well done.

建议：My professor read my paper, and she said it was well done.

Tense Consistency统一时态

无论在叙述型还是议论文写作中，时态的统一都是很重要的。

写作中常涉及到讲故事，除了叙述型写作，写议论文时也会提到小故事或假定的场景。因此，文章中提到的不同事件可能有时间上的先后关系，动作完成的时间也不同。

一般来说，作者会选定并让整篇文章保持主要的时态，只在相对于主要时态（通常是一般现在时或一般过去时）有不同时才改变时态。因此，在非叙述型，也就是常见的议论、说明类型写作中，时态基本上是不会变化的。频繁变更时态可能会让文章表意不清，造成读者的困惑。

时态使用的原则：

1. Do not shift from one tense to another if the time frame for each action or state is the same. Do shift tense to indicate a change in time frame from one action or state to another.

如果动作发生在同一时间段，不要变化时态；如果动作发生在不同时间段，则需要变化时态。

2. Establish a primary tense for the main discourse, and use occasional shifts to other tenses to indicate changes in time frame. Controlling shifts in a paragraph or essay

先为整篇文章确定一个主要的时态，保持整篇的时态统一，只在需要变化时用不同的时态。尽量控制在段落和文章中时态的转换。

好了，希望以上这些tips对你们有用！！