2019英特尔ISEF学科最佳作品摘要：生物医学与健康科学 | Best of Category Abstract: BIOMEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES
获奖作品基本信息
| 年份 | 2019 |
| 学科 | 生物医学与健康科学 BIOMEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES |
| 国家/州 | MI，United States of America |
获奖作品名称
A Novel, Noninvasive Approach to Melanoma Diagnosis Using Optical Coherence Tomography and Bioconjugated Gold Nanoparticles
获奖作品摘要
Melanoma is the deadliest skin cancer with over 9,000 deaths per year, but melanoma detected early results in over 90% chance of cure. Currently, a biopsy is the most common method of melanoma diagnosis, but it can take up to two weeks to receive results, cost hundreds of dollars, and is invasive and traumatizing to the patient. Thus, there is an unmet clinical need for noninvasive, quick, and inexpensive diagnosis of melanoma. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a relatively new non-invasive imaging modality which is cost-effective and portable. However, without contrast agents, OCT’s use in biological imaging is limited. My project developed a new contrast agent to noninvasively diagnose suspicious melanoma lesions and tested various concentrations and sizes to determine the ideal parameters for this contrast agent. I conducted an in-vitro study of OCT signal where I demonstrated that my novel contrast agent, gold nanospheres conjugated with Galectin-3 protein antibodies as a biomarker, binds significantly greater to melanoma than to fibroblast cell lines. The resulting dramatic signal difference enables a melanoma diagnosis. OCT signal contrast peaked at nanoparticle sizes of 5nm and 10nm, while 10nm and 50nm displayed relatively low toxicity based on light microscope images to compare cell death. My study has laid the groundwork for the use of this novel contrast agent and OCT technology in the early detection of melanoma in a clinical setting. By using this noninvasive diagnostic technique, up to 60% of suspicious cases will be spared a biopsy. Ultimately, this approach represents a new paradigm whereby noninvasive screening yields a greater incidence of early, cost-effective skin cancer diagnosis, saving thousands of lives globally.
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ISEF 简介
英特尔国际科学与工程大奖赛，简称 "ISEF"，由美国 Society for Science and the Public（科学和公共服务协会）主办，英特尔公司冠名赞助，是全球规模最大、等级最高的中学生的科研科创赛事。ISEF 的学术活动学科包括了所有数学、自然科学、工程的全部领域和部分社会科学。ISEF 素有全球青少年科学学术活动的“世界杯”之美誉，旨在鼓励学生团队协作，开拓创新，长期专一深入地研究自己感兴趣的课题。
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学科简介：生物医学与健康科学 BIOMEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES
This category focuses on studies specifically designed to address issues of human health and disease. It includes studies on the diagnosis, treatment, prevention or epidemiology of disease and other damage to the human body or mental systems. Includes studies of normal functioning and may investigate internal as well as external factors such as feedback mechanisms, stress or environmental impact on human health and disease.
Subcategories:
Cell, Organ, and Systems Physiology (PHY): These studies investigate mechanisms that are involved in maintaining health or when disrupted, cause disease. They could involve investigating such things as the role of cell signaling pathways both within the cell (intracellular) and/or between cells (extracellular). Alternatively, studies in this subcategory could investigate the maintenance of homeostasis at the organ or whole body level (e.g., hormonal control and regulation). These studies may also be in areas such as disease-related, stress-related, biochemical, mechanical, or physical changes at the tissue, organ, and /or cellular level.
Genetics and Molecular Biology of Disease (GEN): These studies investigate the genetic and molecular mechanisms involved in the regulatory pathways that maintain normal body and cellular function or if disturbed can lead to disease. Studies could include examining the activation and deactivation of genes (e.g., transcription factors or epigenetic regulation) or involve more classical genetic identification studies.
Immunology (IMM): These studies will investigate any aspects of the immune system that are involved in maintaining health or when altered lead to pathology. These studies can include new investigations of normal immune function (e.g., immune cell interactions and signaling), or they may study diseases caused by disorders in regulation of the immune system (e.g., immunodeficiency or autoimmunity). Alternatively the studies could investigate problems such as graft vs host or host versus graft disease that arise during the treatment of other diseases or conditions.
Nutrition and Natural Products (NTR): The study of food, nutrients and dietary need in humans, and the effects of food and nourishment on the body. These studies may include the effects of natural or supplemental nutrients and nutrition.
Pathophysiology (PAT): These studies will be focused on determining specific causes of disease and on physiological mechanisms responsible for disease development. Investigations in this category will examine changes in the normal physiological balance, or homeostasis that cause a reaction(s) within the body leading to disease.
Other (OTH): Studies that cannot be assigned to one of the above subcategories. If the project involves multiple subcategories, the principal subcategory should be chosen instead of Other.
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