有些同学可能听过这样一种说法:英文里,并列连词(Coordinating conjunctions)是不能出现在句子开头的。说的简单一点,就是But/And/So不能在句首出现,应该替换为However/Additionally/Therefore。因为连词要前后连接2套主谓宾,如果在句首是连词,无法满足连接2套主谓宾的要求。但是,我们又会发现,在GRE和TOEFL阅读中,But和And在句首出现的情况并不少见。
今天我们用TOEFL Official Guide中的Writer’s Handbook for English Language Learners一章的内容,为大家回答“写作中,But/And/So用在句首到底对不对?”
ETS官方结论如下:
① 并列连词在句子中(In the middle of a sentence)可以有效地将思想连接在一起。(在句中,but/and/so没有问题。)
② 但是,在学术写作中,尽量避免将它们用在句首(Try to avoid using them to begin sentences)。(在句首,But/And/So尽量不要使用。)
当然,ETS在得出结论之前进行了论述:并列连词用在句首是可以的,但是过多使用(Overuse),会让文章支离破碎(Choppy)。
大家可以对比下面两段话:
【段落1】Baseball is the great American sport. And, it is thought of as a summer pasttime. So as soon as the weather turns warm, all the neighborhood kids find a field to toss a ball around. And soon they form teams and play each other.
【段落2】Baseball, the great American sport, is thought of as a summer pasttime. As soon as the weather turns warm, all the neighborhood kids find a field to toss a ball around. Soon, they form teams and play each other.
在去掉【段落1】句首的并列连词后,文章变得更加连贯和清爽。
至于GRE和TOEFL考试中句首出现的But/And/So,通常是下面的情况:前一句话过长,中间用句号断开,后面用But/And/So开头,这会让句子变得清楚。比如线下325课程中出现的一个小段落:
These researchers also claim that improvements of memory overnight can be explained by the mere passage of time, rather than attributed to sleep. But recent studies of memory performance after sleep — including one demonstrating that sleep stabilizes declarative memories from future interference caused by mental activity during wakefulness — make this claim unsustainable. Certainly there are memory consolidation processes that occur across periods of wakefulness, some of which neither depend on nor are enhanced by sleep.
第一句其实是让步语气,而第二句是转折。本来这两句话应该连在一起,中间由but连接。但是But引导的句子实在太长,于是就改成But单独引导一句话了。ETS写句子的能力要远比我们强的多的多。
为了照顾我们,在一个长句之后,接一个句首是But/And/So的句子,读起来更容易理解。但是,我们自己写不了那么长的句子,就不要在句首用But/And/So了。
总结一下:
① 我们在写作的时候,尽量避免But/And/So在句首使用。
② 如果But/And/So前面的句子短,我们可以改成小写的“but”, “and”和“so”。
③ 如果But/And/So前面的句子长,我们可以用However,Additionally和Therefore来替换。
扫码添加小助手
获取更多赛事资讯~
翰林课程体验,退费流程快速投诉邮箱: yuxi@linstitute.net 沪ICP备2023009024号-1