An increased number of young people have applied for positions in restoration and conservation of cultural heritage at the Palace Museum over the past four years, Shan Jixiang, the former curator of the museum said on Wednesday.
截至发稿,微博话题#名牌大学硕士以上才有机会修故宫#的阅读量已经突破4.2亿,参与讨论人数达6.8万。
这一话题登上热搜榜的原因还要从本周三故宫学院院长单霁翔在北京发表的一场主题演讲说起。他在演讲中表示,四年来,报考来故宫修文物的年轻人越来越多。
Only 88 applicants were admitted out of more than 40,000 candidates this year, Shan noted, adding that only those with a master's degree from prestigious universities are qualified to sit the recruitment examination as requirements for applicants become stricter amid fierce competition.
Shan said he was happy with the increasing number of young visitors to the museum thanks to its innovative attempts to promote itself, as well as the Chinese culture, over the years.
"From January to March, the daily number of visitors to the Palace Museum surpassed 80,000, despite the off-season period," Shan noted, adding that "over 50 percent of the visitors are young people under the age of 30."
单院长表示,今年故宫从4万多位应征者中招聘了88名新员工。
“经过抬高门槛,名牌大学硕士以上才能报名,1.7万人参加了考试,”单院长说道。
单院长恐怕没想到,此话一出,“来故宫修文物”的报考条件马上成为了网友热议的焦点。毕竟随着《我在故宫修文物》这一纪录片的大热,故宫的文物修复师成为了炙手可热的“网红”职业,想从事这一行业的年轻人也越来越多。
学历就代表能力?有网友质疑故宫对于文物修复师的招聘要求是否一味追求高学历,而对手艺的传承失去应有的重视。
有网友指出,目前故宫很多修复师并无高学历,但是手艺和匠人精神都令人敬佩。
同时,也有很多网友称,中国的文物修复行业应该突破“师傅带徒弟”的模式。
还有网友表示,文物修复师需要学习更多的文化知识,况且学历也是能力的部分体现。
只有去故宫修文物才需要硕士学历?其他国家又对文物修复师这一职业有哪些要求呢?
其实在美国,想要成为一名文物修复师,取得相关领域的硕士学位或具有高超的修复手艺还远远不够。
这一行业往往还要求从业者具有跨学科知识背景,除对考古、历史、艺术等人文学科有所了解外,对于材料科学、化学等理工学科也应有所涉猎,还需具备丰富的实践经验。
据悉,美国的文物保护工作者分为文物保护修复师和文物保护科学家两类,前者以动手修复为主,而后者则更侧重从事相关研究。
加州大学洛杉矶分校(UCLA)教授Ioanna Kakoulli曾在接受《参考消息》专访时表示,文物保护是一门多学科交叉、需要理工科背景的科学。
To be a cultural heritage conservator in the U.S. requires interdisciplinary education in fields of natural and social sciences, as well as some form of internship experience preferably on top of a master's degree, Ioanna Kakoulli of the University of California, Los Angeles told Reference News in an interview.
因此在文保人才培养过程中,需要对学生进行跨学科的专业训练,使他们不但能够基于人文知识基础对文物的历史、价值等方面做出判断,还能够通过对材料、物理等自然科学的学习探究文物的“病理”,从材料特性、环境气候等多角度考虑确定合适的修复工艺。
目前,加州大学洛杉矶分校文物保护硕士项目(Interdepartmental Program in Conservation of Archaeological and Ethnographic Materials)开设的课程中就包含基础化学、有机化学(Science Fundamentals in the Conservation of Materials)、材料科学(Cultural Materials Science)、藏品管理(Collections Management for Museums, Libraries and Archives)等跨学科内容。
该项目还要求学生在毕业前完成累计长达11个月的实习工作。
美国一职业培训网站study.com在职业指南中建议,如有志从事文物修复工作,从本科阶段就应选择相应专业,并有计划地学习历史、化学和考古学等课程。其中还建议,因为文保硕士项目通常申请者众多,如能掌握一门外语,将有助于在众多竞争者中脱颖而出。
有人说,中国的文物修复人才缺口很大,甚至“比文物还稀缺”。
According to China's National Cultural Heritage Administration, over half of the country's 30 million pieces of cultural relics are in need of restoration. However, qualified cultural conservators are less than 2,000 nationwide.
While more are aspiring for a job in the conservation of cultural heritage, the significant lack of talent may prove to be a stumbling block.
现在中国的很多机构都传承了“师傅带徒弟”的传统方式,但新人却往往缺少系统性的知识背景学习和技艺培训。
也许故宫的“新鲜血液”将在继承传统的基础上,让小众的职业不再小众,让中国的文物修复产业获得新的生机。
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