哈耶普等校2019年毕业演讲对留学生的启发

以藤校为代表，每年美国大学的毕业典礼都会受到许多人的关注。其中在毕业演讲环节，嘉宾和校长致辞更会金句频出，从而引发广泛的讨论。今天这篇文章，棒小编就准备了六所美国名校的2019年毕业演讲。通过校长或政要名流的娓娓道来，相信您会对“教育是以终为始”这句话有更为深刻的理解。

哈佛大学

“走出象牙塔，在认识到现实世界的不完美后，仍心存善念，为改善世界不断努力。”

——校长Lawrence Bacow

劳伦斯认为在这个世界上有很多东西，如气候变化、枪支暴力、性骚扰等，正困扰着全人类，但是我们应该看到希望——世界是不完美的，却有许多善良的人正在通过自己的努力去修复、完善它，如广大哈佛校友正在做的一样。

通过举例哈佛师生做出的不懈努力，劳伦斯指出成千上万的哈佛师生正在用比我们想象的更多的方式让世界更美好。在这种理念的驱动下，全人类终将联结起来。

演讲全文

Thank you very much Margaret for that very generous introduction.First let me say congratulations to our graduates. Welcome back to our alumni. Good afternoon to everyone—colleagues and friends; family members, loved ones, and our most special guest—our eminent speaker. It’s a pleasure to address to you this afternoon and to offer a few reflections as I approach the end of my first year as president.

I realize, however, that I’m literally the last thing standing between you and the speech that you’ve all actually come to hear. So, while I cannot promise to be mesmerizingly eloquent, I can at least promise to be mercifully brief.

We gather this afternoon buoyed by the aspirations of our graduates—some 7,100 people who have distinguished themselves in nearly every field and every discipline imaginable. We welcome them into the venerable ranks of our alumni, and we send them forth into a world that is very much in need of both their minds and their hearts.

During my brief time in office, our world has reminded us daily of the necessity and the urgency of our work.

We’ve witnessed the coarsening of public discourse and the volatility of national and international affairs.

We’ve mourned when gun violence has cut futures short, and when gatherings of the faithful—Jewish, Muslim, and Christian—have ended in bloodshed.

We’ve continued to confront the existential threat posed by climate change, and we’ve reeled as extreme weather has destroyed homes and claimed lives.

And we’ve grown increasingly aware of the scourge of sexual harassment and sexual assault, and have struggled to consider how institutions, Harvard among them, can prevent and address behavior that threatens individuals and weakens communities.

To be sure, there is much in this world that rightly troubles us. But there’s even more that gives us cause for hope.

And it’s that spirit of hope—the willingness both to see the world as it is, and to consider how we can help make it better—that is in many ways the spirit that defines this university and I believe joins us all together.

Since I took office on July 1, I’ve seen the value of both knowledge and education at work in the world. I’ve seen the good being done by our faculty and our students, by our alumni, and our staff, and our friends. And I’ve seen expressions of compassion, and patience, and kindness, and wisdom that have moved me deeply.

I had the privilege of helping to celebrate members of our community who were recently sworn in as new United States citizens—graduates of the Harvard Bridge Program. Through their own hard work, and with the generous help of volunteer student and alumni tutors, they can now enjoy the full rights and privileges of citizenship—and the full sense of belonging that comes with it. It was truly and inspiring ceremony.

At a time when so many people are dispirited by the deep divisions in our country, when our politics seem so dysfunctional, our graduates are taking up the cause of public service by running for office in record numbers. The world needs them, and their willingness to serve gives me hope.

As Margaret noted, this past year I traveled to meet alumni who are helping to strengthen communities in Detroit, Dallas, and Houston; in Miami, Phoenix, and New York; in Los Angeles, San Francisco, and San Diego—in China, Japan, and England —people who are not only launching and building businesses and creating opportunity, but people who are also teaching, volunteering, advancing important legislation, working for non-profits, and serving the public good.

I’ve yet to meet anyone who thinks that this world that we live in is perfect. This is not a political statement. It’s equally true of liberals and conservatives, Democrats and Republicans. And if you don’t think that the world that we live in is perfect, the only way it gets better is if good people work to repair it. Our students, our faculty, our staff and alumni are doing that daily, and it makes me so proud

This year I had the privilege to meet, and be moved by, not just one but two of the nation’s preeminent poets—the United States Youth Poet Laureate, our own Amanda Gorman, and the United States Poet Laureate, our own, Tracy K. Smith. I’ve also had the chance to marvel at artists who every day breathe life into our campus with their performances and creative work—it’s amazing to see the talent that is represented on this campus and among our alumni, our faculty, and staff.

And every day I’ve learned more about the remarkable efforts of our faculty to improve the world:

Alison Simmons and Barbara Grosz, are making sure that the next generation of computer scientists is prepared to address the ethical questions posed by the development of new digital technologies;

Ali Malkawi and his HouseZero, which is demonstrating the possibilities of ultra-efficient design and new building technology to respond to the threat of climate change;

Sasha Killewald, who’s revealing how marriage and parenthood affects wages, and helping us understand why economic inequality persists across generations—and also how we might break the cycle of poverty.

I have also come to know about the work…

Of Conor Walsh, who’s helping people with neurodegenerative and neuromuscular diseases walk again with soft exosuits that use the latest robotic technology to help improve movement;

Of Sara Bleich, who’s helping to address the obesity epidemic by considering how changes in public policy can reduce consumption of high calorie foods and soft drinks;

Of Tony Jack, who’s changing how colleges think about supporting disadvantaged students and improving their prospects not just in college but throughout life;

Of Arlene Sharpe and Gordon Freeman, who are giving hope to cancer patients by harnessing the body’s own immune system to treat disease;

Of Xiaowei Zhuang, whose super-resolution imaging is enabling scientists to look inside cells with unprecedented clarity and see how molecules function and interact;

Of Andrew Crespo, who’s culled massive amounts of data from our trial courts to change how we think about our system of criminal justice—and how we might actually improve it.

I have met faculty across our schools who are expanding religious literacy; who are exploring the role of the arts in promoting justice; who are confronting the opioid epidemic from every angle; who are working to make state and local government more effective. Their work is nothing short of inspiring.

And I’ve come to know students—absolutely amazing students. To the parents who are here thank you, thank you for sending these remarkable young people to us. They are nothing short of inspiring. Interacting with them is one of the great privileges of living and working on a college campus. Adele and I have had dinner with them in the Houses. We’ve watched them perform on the stage and on the playing fields. I’ve met with them during office hours and talked with them as I’ve gone running with them. If you spend time with our students, you cannot help but feel optimistic about our future.

This past week I had lunch with thirty graduating seniors. It was wonderful to hear how they think they have changed and matured during their four years here. I actually ask them how is your current self different from your 18-year-old self that arrived here on campus, and the stories were marvelous. And I have witnessed this process of transformation myself.

I helped to advise three of our incoming first-year undergraduates this year, and they helped me experience and understand Harvard through their eyes. To Andrew, Claire, and Karen, thank you for sharing your first year with me and for teaching me so well.

For every person I’ve named, for every example I’ve cited, there are thousands of other Harvard citizens—students and alumni, faculty and staff—who are making the world better in more ways than we could possibly imagine. That is the power of this institution—not its brand, not our buildings, not our pomp and circumstance—as wonderful and terrific as that is. This University, Harvard, is its people—their aspirations, their achievements—their diversity of background, experience and thought—their desire to see beyond themselves and their devotion to serving others.

So, yes, I am an optimist. I’m an optimist because I live and work among all of you—because I see what you do and because I know the boundless potential of what you can do. May we look to one another for inspiration in the years to come. May the expectations placed on us be exceeded only by our ability to meet them. And may Harvard continue to be a wellspring of hope for the world. It’s an honor to serve you as your president.

耶鲁大学

“不忙于生，必忙于死，说反对不难，难的是你们的追求到底是什么？”

——校长Peter Salovey

在这场毕业演讲上，苏必德提到，在社交媒体的影响下，越来越多人还未真正了解某件事的来龙去脉，受到某个公众人物或政治家之口，或某家媒体，就开始坚决的反对某一件事情，丧失了被震撼和被启示的能力。

然而，想要让世界变得更好，只有愤怒、反对是远远不够的，指出错误只是一切的开始，而不是结束。对人们来说，用几秒钟敲出几行字来是容易的，相反要简短有力的阐述自己要支持什么则困难的多。

“无论你反对什么，现在是时候创造你所追求的事物了。”苏必德鼓励到，从耶鲁毕业的学子们，请记住在耶鲁的点点滴滴，作为日后搏击向上的力量之源，在人类开拓的每一处疆域，留下独属于你们的印迹。

演讲全文

Graduates of the Class of 2019, family members, and friends: It is a privilege to be here with you today. Commencement is a time of beginnings and endings; of looking to the future with hope while saying farewell with both joy and, perhaps, nostalgia. It is a jumble of emotions for all of us—and a field-day for a psychologist! Enjoy all those feelings: it is hard to imagine you’ll have an experience quite like this again.So, there is a wonderful Yale tradition that I would like to honor right now:

May I ask all of the families and friends here today to rise and recognize the outstanding—and graduating—members of the Class of 2019?

And now, may I ask the Class of 2019 to consider all those who have supported your arrival at this milestone, and to please rise and recognize them?

Thank you!

In September 1974, Kingman Brewster, Jr., then president of Yale, spoke to members of the Class of 1978, seated right where you are now. He told them, “Many of us have just been on a ten-year trip of moral outrage: anti-Wallace, anti-War, anti-Watergate. We have been so sure about what we were against that we have almost forgotten how difficult it is to know what we are for and how to achieve it.”

Does this sound familiar? Today, perhaps more than ever, it is easy to know what you’re against. Far more difficult to say what you’re for.

What we’re against is going to be different for each of us. Maybe you’re against border walls and I’m against guns; your neighbor is against trade wars and your cousin is against abortion. For some, capitalism is the problem, while others fear the specter of socialism. By this point, I bet all of you are against sitting in old buildings with no air conditioning, listening to a long speech! So, I’ll get to the point…

How many of you have seen a Marx Brothers movie? Although I’m not mistaken for Groucho Marx as often since I shaved my moustache, I still have a weakness for his humor.

One of Groucho’s best performances, of course, is when he plays a college president. (Now that is a funny role!) In the opening scene of the movie Horse Feathers, Groucho, the new president of Huxley College, is told that the trustees have “a few suggestions” for him. Then he breaks into this song:

“I don’t know what they have to say

It makes no difference anyway

Whatever it is, I’m against it

No matter what it is or who commenced it

I’m against it

Your proposition may be good

But let’s have one thing understood:

Whatever it is, I’m against it.”

I encourage you to look up the scene on YouTube—not right now, please—because it’s still a very funny piece. It’s funny because it’s ridiculous, but also because it contains a kernel of truth. And the truth applies not only to college presidents, but to all of us.

How many times have we decided we’re against an idea before we’ve even heard it? How guilty are we of deciding “I’m against it” without even knowing what “it” is?

Many times we know what we’re against based on who is saying it. If an idea comes from a certain public figure, politician, or media outlet, we already know how we feel. Partly this is because our public discourse has become so predictable. We’ve lost the capacity for surprise, for revelation.

Speaking of predictable, here is the moment when an ambassador of an older generation—that’s me—tells millennials—most of you—about the evils of social media! But please hear me out…

Social media has transformed our lives and our relationships. It has many advantages, of course, allowing us to share news and information quickly with people around the world. But it also heightens our sense of outrage and speeds up arguments, depriving us of the time and space for careful reflection.

Bombarded with notifications, pressured to respond before the media cycle turns over, we tap out our position—our opposition—in seconds. It is easy to be against something in fewer than 280 characters. It is far more difficult to articulate what you are for—and to do it at warp speed.

Make no mistake: There are plenty of reasons to be outraged. My generation, your generation—we face not only grave moral challenges but existential threats: rising ocean levels globally and rising inequality in America; violence around the world and in our own backyards; the fraying of the social fabric. “The falcon cannot hear the falconer,” and we wonder if the center can hold.

I understand the impulse toward negativity. Like many of you, I sometimes feel overwhelmed by the challenges we face, by the injustices that call out for our condemnation. Yet it is precisely because our challenges are so great that outrage is not enough. Pointing out what is wrong is merely the beginning, not the end, of our work.

The Czech author Ivan Klima wrote, “To destroy is easier than to create, and that is why so many people are ready to demonstrate against what they reject. But what would they say if one asked them what they wanted instead?”

What would you say? What would I say? What are you for?

Klima’s life story is one of both criticism and creation. Born in Prague in 1931, he was sent to a Nazi concentration camp as a child. He survived and became an outspoken voice for democracy in Czechoslovakia.

But in 1968, with the Soviet invasion and crackdown, Klima’s ideas became dangerous. He could have fled, but he chose to return home and continue his work in defiance of the Communist regime. He organized an underground meeting of writers who circulated manuscripts in secret. Over the course of 18 years, those writers produced three hundred different works of art. They were critics, of course: critics of tyranny, critics of violence. But they were creators, too, of plays, novels, and poetry. They imagined, and helped create, a new and better world.

What will you imagine? A better business, a smarter school, a stronger community? Whatever you are against, it is time to create something you are for.

At Yale you have learned to do both: to imagine and create. You have studied and explored new ideas; made art and music; excelled in athletics; launched companies; and served your neighbors and the world. You have created a vibrant, diverse, and exciting community.

Take these experiences with you and draw on them when you need encouragement. Remember a class that surprised you; a conversation that inspired you; a professor who believed in you. And take care to avoid what Toni Morrison calls “second-rate goals and secondhand ideas.”

“Our past is bleak. Our future dim,” Morrison writes. “But if we see the world as one long brutal game, then we bump into another mystery, the mystery of beauty, of light, of the canary that sings on the skulls.”

Being for something is a search for those mysteries, for that light: it is an act of radical optimism, a belief that a more perfect world is within reach and that we can help build it.

What are you for?

You may well turn that question back to me. What are you for, Peter Salovey?

I am for the transformative power of a liberal education—one that asks you to think broadly, question everything, and embrace the joy of learning.

I am for the American Dream in all its rich promise—the idea that opportunities are shared widely and that access to education is within reach for the many, not the few.

I am for the robust and free exchange of ideas, as essential to the mission of a great university as it is to the health of our democracy.

I am for a world where we welcome the immigrant, the poor, and the forgotten; we do not shut them out or silence them; a world where showing empathy and understanding is considered the true hallmark of success, of a life well-lived.

That is what I am for.

Yale’s mission says, in part, that we are “committed to improving the world today and for future generations.” That commitment does not end at graduation.

Soon you will leave Yale and, as Robert Penn Warren, who studied and taught at Yale, wrote, “Go into the convulsion of the world, out of history and into history.”

Indeed, you will go into history and make history.

Looking around me today, I think of the generations of Yale graduates who have come before you. Individuals who have been for something.

There are many names we know and others that would be less familiar—presidents and world leaders, artists and business executives, scholars and scientists.

I know that, like them,  you will heed the call to leadership and service and leave your mark on every realm of human endeavor.

That is Yale’s mission—that is what Yale is for.

As members of the Yale community, what do we believe?

We believe that facts and expertise, applied with creativity and wisdom, can transform the world.

We believe that education and research save lives and make life more meaningful.

We believe that diversity of thought and diversity in deed are essential to human progress.

We believe, most of all, in the boundless potential of human ingenuity; that together, we can solve great challenges and bring light and truth to a world in great need of it.

On Monday during your commencement ceremonies, I will confer on you all the “rights and responsibilities” of a Yale degree. Yours is a great responsibility. You will have to know what you are for.

What are you for?

“Surely in the light of history,” Eleanor Roosevelt said, “it is more intelligent to hope rather than to fear, to try rather than not to try.”

Yale has prepared you, as a scholar and a human being, to try; to face challenges with courage and determination. And I trust you are leaving Yale with a sense of your own responsibilities to one another, to the planet, and to our shared future.

By serving others and our communities with the many gifts you have been given, you will live a life that is for something, a life of meaning and purpose.

There is no time to waste; there are no words to waste: As a young Bob Dylan sang in 1965, “He not busy being born is busy dying.”[8] We must give life to new ideas, imagine new ways of being in the world, new answers to the problems that vex us and our neighbors.

Now is the time.

Members of the Class of 2019 (please rise):

We are delighted to salute your accomplishments, and we are proud of your achievements. Remember to give thanks for all that has brought you to this day. And go forth from this place with grateful hearts, paying back the gifts you have received here by using your minds, voices, and hands to imagine and create the new worlds you wish to see.

What are you for?

普林斯顿大学

“这是一个对待分歧缺少礼貌和尊重的时代，人们更喜欢挑衅或谴责对手，而不是参与重要的公民事务。公民美德要求我们尊重他人，而不只关注自己。”

——校长Christopher L. Eisgruber

Christopher指出这是一个脾气暴躁的时代，无论是对于政要名流，亦或是偶然进入公众视野的小人物，都有遭受网络暴力的可能性，且这些暴力指控被长久地镌刻在互联网的数字世界里。

而一个有序的公民社会不应该是这样的，公共事件的参与者应该具有公平、包容多方利益和观点的能力。

从普林斯顿毕业的学生都怀有一颗仁者的心，有能力，能够建设性的参与到激烈的分歧中。Christopher 提议为了调整改善这浮躁失序的社会，学生们需要共同学习进步，追求公益，并在不同维度相互团结，为公民美德代言。

演讲全文

In a few minutes, all of you will march through FitzRandolph Gate as newly minted graduates of this University.  Before you do, it is traditional for the University president to say a few words about the path that lies ahead.This valedictory ritual is at once utterly common and manifestly artificial.  If I or other speakers had sage insight into the wisdom required to navigate life’s unpredictable and sometimes tragic challenges, I guarantee you that we would have shared it long before now.  That, I suspect, is one reason why most graduation speeches, with rare and glittering exceptions, are little noted when delivered and quickly forgotten thereafter.

And if the ritual graduation speech is artificial under any circumstances, it seems all the more so at the conclusion of a reunions and commencement weekend when political contention occasionally flared amidst the academic calendar’s most joyous festivities and celebrations.  These local events reflect the mood of the country and indeed much of the world.  Ours is an ill-tempered time, one that leads some thoughtful observers to worry that we as a country are losing the capacity to disagree respectfully and civilly with one another.

Bitter scrutiny is now almost inevitable for anyone who voluntarily enters public life, and increasingly it extends also to some who never sought the world’s attention.  People just going about their lives, doing hard jobs or making tough choices as conscientiously as they can, may suddenly find themselves caught in an unwanted spotlight, the target of unproven and hurtful accusations permanently inscribed on the internet’s digital surfaces.

Even school children on a field trip may find themselves consumed by our fevered animosities.  Earlier this spring, Covington Catholic High School students interacted with a Native American man at the Lincoln Memorial.  A video of the encounter went viral, and the internet made the young boys international symbols of bigotry and racial insensitivity.  When a more complete and complex story emerged, the students’ defenders rushed, with some justification but too much glee, to condemn those who had circulated the original video before they knew all the facts.  Nobody involved emerged unscathed.  This unhappy chain of events began, ironically, in the shadow of a national monument inscribed with counsel frequently quoted but rarely heeded in our society:  “With malice toward none, with charity for all …”

The firestorm generated by the confrontation at the Lincoln Memorial was especially intense but the basic pattern is all too familiar.  Our politics has become hostage to an angry and accusatory culture, in which people too often prefer to issue provocations or denounce opponents, rather than engage in the vital civic work required by deliberative processes that are fair and inclusive to multiple interests and points of view.

Many observers have speculated about the sources of our anger, but I will leave the analysis of causation for another time. I want instead to focus on a reason for hope about society’s future, and your own.

Although the angriest people in our society may be the most noticeable, I am confident that they are not the most numerous.  Most people aspire to treat others decently, not to denounce them.  I have gotten to know many of you over your time here, and I know that you have the capacity and the values required to engage constructively across even very heated disagreements.

So, while I cannot pretend to have any magical guidance to prepare or protect you for the path that lies ahead, there is one piece of advice that I hazard to offer as you leave this campus:  you are moving into a world in which civic norms crucial to our shared political life are fraying.  Your generation’s ability to address the world’s problems will depend on, among other things, your capacity to nurture and repair those norms.  If ever there was a time when quiet, everyday virtues such as civility, truthfulness, due process, and moderation could be taken for granted, that day is gone.

These civil virtues are neither glamorous nor exciting.  They require us to respect others rather than draw attention to ourselves.  They are quiet rather than dazzling.  Yet, quiet though they may be, these virtues are also the indispensable foundation for any democratic society in which people seek to learn from one another and to pursue a common good that unites them across differences.  If you want a society that has the capacity to make real and lasting progress on issues of consequence, you will need not only to live those values but also to speak up bravely on their behalf.

Your education at this University, in its classrooms and beyond them, has given you the resources to defend the civil virtues and to provide the service, citizenship, and leadership that our world so needs.  I urge you to take up that challenge along with the others that await you on the path beyond FitzRandolph Gate.  As you begin that journey, all of us on this platform wish you well.  Whether you receive today a doctoral degree, a master’s degree, or an undergraduate degree, we hope that you will return often to Old Nassau and consider this campus one of your homes.  We will welcome you then as we cheer you today, wishing you every success as Princeton University’s GREAT CLASS OF 2019!! CONGRATULATIONS AND BEST WISHES!

斯坦福大学

“如果你想要获得赞誉，首先你必须要承担责任，成为一个建设者，其次你要意识到你永远也不会准备好，但你仍要全神贯注，别分心。”

——苹果公司CEO Tim Cook

观看视频链接：https://v.qq.com/x/page/f0885t520ri.html

Cook的演讲一开始就指出人类解决问题的能力是无限的，但是，人类制造问题的潜力也是无限的，反映在技术上尤是。

每一次数据泄露都侵犯了个人自由，每一次虚假新闻都伤害着社会群体间的对话。长此以往，人类将会谨小慎微，丧失想象力。

因此毕业生需要知道：居功需担责，要能接受不会在故事结尾出现的一名建设者的事实。另外，Cook以自己的亲身经历为例，说明了预备和真正准备好两者之间真正的差别，并强调不要分心，要敢于不同，留下一些有价值的东西。

演讲全文

Thank you! Thank you! Good morning, Class of 2019!Thank you, President Tessier-Lavigne, for that generous introduction. I'll do my best to earn it.

Before I begin, I want to recognize everyone whose hard work made this celebration possible, including the groundskeepers, ushers, volunteers and crew. Thank you.

I'm deeply honored and frankly a little astonished to be invited to join you for this most meaningful of occasions.

Graduates, this is your day. But you didn't get here alone. Family and friends, teachers, mentors, loved ones, and, of course, your parents, all worked together to make you possible and they share your joy today. Here on Father's Day, let's give the dads in particular a round of applause.

Stanford is near to my heart, not least because I live just a mile and a half from here.

Of course, if my accent hasn't given it away, for the first part of my life I had to admire this place from a distance. I went to school on the other side of the country, at Auburn University, in the heart of landlocked Eastern Alabama.

You may not know this, but I was on the sailing team all four years.

It wasn't easy. Back then, the closest marina was a three-hour drive away. For practice, most of the time we had to wait for a heavy rainstorm to flood the football field. And tying knots is hard! Who knew?

Yet somehow, against all odds, we managed to beat Stanford every time. We must have gotten lucky with the wind.

Kidding aside, I know the real reason I'm here, and I don't take it lightly.

Stanford and Silicon Valley's roots are woven together. We're part of the same ecosystem. It was true when Steve stood on this stage 14 years ago, it's true today, and, presumably, it'll be true for a while longer still.

The past few decades have lifted us together. But today we gather at a moment that demands some reflection.

Fueled by caffeine and code, optimism and idealism, conviction and creativity, generations of Stanford graduates (and dropouts) have used technology to remake our society.

But I think you would agree that, lately, the results haven't been neat or straightforward.

In just the four years that you've been here at the Farm, things feel like they have taken a sharp turn.

Crisis has tempered optimism. Consequences have challenged idealism. And reality has shaken blind faith.

And yet we are all still drawn here.

For good reason.

Big dreams live here, as do the genius and passion to make them real. In an age of cynicism, this place still believes that the human capacity to solve problems is boundless. But so, it seems, is our potential to create them.

That's what I'm interested in talking about today. Because if I've learned one thing, it's that technology doesn't change who we are, it magnifies who we are, the good and the bad.

Our problems - in technology, in politics, wherever - are human problems. From the Garden of Eden to today, it's our humanity that got us into this mess, and it's our humanity that's going to have to get us out.

If you want credit for the good, take responsibility for the bad

First things first, here's a plain fact.

Silicon Valley is responsible for some of the most revolutionary inventions in modern history.

From the first oscillator built in the Hewlett-Packard garage to the iPhones that I know you're holding in your hands.

Social media, shareable video, snaps and stories that connect half the people on Earth. They all trace their roots to Stanford's backyard.

But lately, it seems, this industry is becoming better known for a less noble innovation: the belief that you can claim credit without accepting responsibility.

We see it every day now, with every data breach, every privacy violation, every blind eye turned to hate speech. Fake news poisoning our national conversation. The false promise of miracles in exchange for a single drop of your blood. Too many seem to think that good intentions excuse away harmful outcomes.

But whether you like it or not, what you build and what you create define who you are.

It feels a bit crazy that anyone should have to say this. But if you've built a chaos factory, you can't dodge responsibility for the chaos. Taking responsibility means having the courage to think things through.

And there are few areas where this is more important than privacy.

If we accept as normal and unavoidable that everything in our lives can be aggregated, sold, or even leaked in the event of a hack, then we lose so much more than data. We lose the freedom to be human.

Think about what's at stake. Everything you write, everything you say, every topic of curiosity, every stray thought, every impulsive purchase, every moment of frustration or weakness, every gripe or complaint, every secret shared in confidence.

In a world without digital privacy, even if you have done nothing wrong other than think differently, you begin to censor yourself. Not entirely at first. Just a little, bit by bit. To risk less, to hope less, to imagine less, to dare less, to create less, to try less, to talk less, to think less. The chilling effect of digital surveillance is profound, and it touches everything.

What a small, unimaginative world we would end up with. Not entirely at first. Just a little, bit by bit. Ironically, it's the kind of environment that would have stopped Silicon Valley before it had even gotten started.

We deserve better. You deserve better.

If we believe that freedom means an environment where great ideas can take root, where they can grow and be nurtured without fear of irrational restrictions or burdens, then it's our duty to change course, because your generation ought to have the same freedom to shape the future as the generation that came before.

Graduates, at the very least, learn from these mistakes. If you want to take credit, first learn to take responsibility.

Be a builder

Now, a lot of you - the vast majority - won't find yourselves in tech at all. That's as it should be. We need your minds at work far and wide, because our challenges are great, and they can't be solved by any single industry.

No matter where you go, no matter what you do, I know you will be ambitious. You wouldn't be here today if you weren't. Match that ambition with humility - a humility of purpose.

That doesn't mean being tamer, being smaller, being less in what you do. It's the opposite, it's about serving something greater. The author Madeleine L'Engle wrote, "Humility is throwing oneself away in complete concentration on something or someone else."

In other words, whatever you do with your life, be a builder.

You don't have to start from scratch to build something monumental. And, conversely, the best founders - the ones whose creations last and whose reputations grow rather than shrink with passing time - they spend most of their time building, piece by piece.

Builders are comfortable in the belief that their life's work will one day be bigger than them - bigger than any one person. They're mindful that its effects will span generations. That's not an accident. In a way, it's the whole point.

In a few days we will mark the 50th anniversary of the riots at Stonewall.

When the patrons of the Stonewall Inn showed up that night - people of all races, gay and transgender, young and old - they had no idea what history had in store for them. It would have seemed foolish to dream it.

When the door was busted open by police, it was not the knock of opportunity or the call of destiny. It was just another instance of the world telling them that they ought to feel worthless for being different.

But the group gathered there felt something strengthen in them. A conviction that they deserved something better than the shadows, and better than oblivion.

And if it wasn't going to be given, then they were going to have to build it themselves.

I was 8 years old and a thousand miles away when Stonewall happened. There were no news alerts, no way for photos to go viral, no mechanism for a kid on the Gulf Coast to hear these unlikely heroes tell their stories.

Greenwich Village may as well have been a different planet, though I can tell you that the slurs and hatreds were the same.

What I would not know, for a long time, was what I owed to a group of people I never knew in a place I'd never been.

Yet I will never stop being grateful for what they had the courage to build.

Graduates, being a builder is about believing that you cannot possibly be the greatest cause on this Earth, because you aren't built to last. It's about making peace with the fact that you won't be there for the end of the story.

You won't be ready

That brings me to my last bit of advice.

Fourteen years ago, Steve stood on this stage and told your predecessors: "Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life."

Here's my corollary: "Your mentors may leave you prepared, but they can't leave you ready."

When Steve got sick, I had hardwired my thinking to the belief that he would get better. I not only thought he would hold on, I was convinced, down to my core, that he'd still be guiding Apple long after I, myself, was gone.

Then, one day, he called me over to his house and told me that it wasn't going to be that way.

Even then, I was convinced he would stay on as chairman. That he'd step back from the day to day but always be there as a sounding board.

But there was no reason to believe that. I never should have thought it. The facts were all there.

And when he was gone, truly gone, I learned the real, visceral difference between preparation and readiness.

It was the loneliest I've ever felt in my life. By an order of magnitude. It was one of those moments where you can be surrounded by people, yet you don't really see, hear or even feel them. But I could sense their expectations.

When the dust settled, all I knew was that I was going to have to be the best version of myself that I could be.

I knew that if you got out of bed every morning and set your watch by what other people expect or demand, it'll drive you crazy.

So what was true then is true now. Don't waste your time living someone else's life. Don't try to emulate the people who came before you to the exclusion of everything else, contorting into a shape that doesn't fit.

It takes too much mental effort - effort that should be dedicated to creating and building. You'll waste precious time trying to rewire your every thought, and, in the mean time, you won't be fooling anybody.

Graduates, the fact is, when your time comes, and it will, you'll never be ready.

But you're not supposed to be. Find the hope in the unexpected. Find the courage in the challenge. Find your vision on the solitary road.

Don't get distracted.

There are too many people who want credit without responsibility.

Too many who show up for the ribbon cutting without building anything worth a damn.

Be different. Leave something worthy.

And always remember that you can't take it with you. You're going to have to pass it on.

Thank you very much. And Congratulations to the Class of 2019!

麻省理工学院

“从阿波罗登月到人类第一张黑洞照片面世，我们喜欢为英雄加冕。但是如果你想做一些伟大的事情，没有一个团队你是做不到的。”

——院长L. Rafael Reif

观看视频：https://v.qq.com/x/page/x0882mf5wss.html

L. Rafael Reif引古论今，着重描述了MIT的价值观：去寻找大胆的想法，不要害怕“不可能”的任务，永远保持谦逊，尤其是涉及到自然规律的时候！

除此之外，有一个跨学科团队是重要的，这一点相信学生们自进入麻省理工那一刻就有这样的感悟：互相学习、互相尊重、互相依赖。

“如今，我们的社会就像一个复杂的大家庭，正处于一场可怕的争论之中，，唯一的解决办法就是找到相互倾听的方法，理解彼此之间的差异，并不断努力提醒对方我们共有的人性。”L. Rafael Reif期望学生在努力破解这个世界时，请也试着治愈这个世界。

演讲全文

Thank you, Trevor!  And thank you, Mike, for your thoughtful and inspiring remarks.To the graduates of 2019:  Congratulations!  My job today is to deliver a “CHARGE” to you… and I will get to that in a minute. But first, I want to recognize the people who helped you charge this far!

To everyone who came here this morning, to celebrate our graduates – welcome to MIT!

And to the parents and families of today’s graduates, a huge “Congratulations” to you as well!  This day is the joyful result of your loving support and sacrifice. Please accept our deep gratitude and admiration.

(Now, graduates, for this next acknowledgment, I need your help. Over my left shoulder, there’s a camera. In a moment, I’m going to ask all of you to cheer and wave to it, all right? Just cheer and wave.  And I would love it if you make it… loud!!)

Next, I would like to offer a special greeting to all those who were not able to come to campus, but who are cheering on today’s graduates online, from locations all over the globe. We are very glad to have you with us, too!

Now, graduates, this is the moment! Please cheer and wave! Now, wait. I’m pretty sure you have taken physics and electricity – so you know something about amplification. So let’s try this again. (And remember… I still have your diplomas!)

So one more time – let’s cheer and wave!

It is great to have all of you here on Killian Court, on this wonderful day, for this tremendously important occasion.

But before we send our new graduates out into the world, first, I must beg your indulgence, on behalf of… my wife. Christine Reif is a wonderful person. (And she’s sitting right there.) But she has one weakness: She is crazy about astronauts, and about outer space.

July 20th of this year marks 50 years since the first human walked on the Moon. For those of you graduating, I know this is ancient history – your parents’ history! Or even your grandparents’! So perhaps not all of you have been focused on the 50th anniversary of Apollo 11.

But because Mrs. Reif also loves the Institute, she has asked that, in addition to giving you a charge, I also prepare you for a mission.

In the next few weeks, you will encounter all sorts of Moon-landing hoopla. So she wants to make sure that every one of you is well-equipped with precisely engineered conversation deflectors. That way, when people start talking on and on about NASA, and Houston, and the great vision of President Kennedy, you can steer the discussion right back to MIT.

So to do this, I’m going to give you one final little prep quiz. I read the question…and you fill in the blank, OK? (And please make it loud!)

(And to the parents and grandparents: Texting them the answers is not allowed!)

Ready?

QUESTION ONE:

In 1961, NASA realized that the Moon-landing required the invention of a computer guidance system that was miniaturized, foolproof and far more powerful than any the world had ever seen. So NASA did not call Harvard. NASA called ____________ [“MIT!”]

I knew you would be good at this!

QUESTION TWO:

The first person to walk on the Moon was a man. But at MIT, among the very first programmers hired for the Apollo project was not a man, but a ____________ [“Woman!”]

A woman! You got it! Her name is Margaret Hamilton. She played a key role in developing the software that made the moon landing possible. By the way, Margaret Hamilton was also one of the first to argue that computer programming deserved as much respect as computer hardware. So she insisted on describing her work with a brand new term: “software engineering.”

OK, just one more.

QUESTION THREE:

The second person to walk on the moon was Buzz Aldrin. Buzz was the first astronaut to have a doctoral degree, and he earned it from the school that has produced more astronauts than any non-military institution. In fact, of the 12 humans who have walked on the moon, four graduated from that same institution…which is known by just three letters: [“MIT!”]

You are brilliant!  I knew you could do it! “The Beaver has landed!” Mrs. Reif, I believe they are ready.

As you prepare for lift-off, I would like to use the Apollo story to reflect on a few larger lessons we hope you learned at MIT…because the spirit of that magnificent human project speaks to this community’s deepest values…and its highest aspirations.

The first lesson is the power of interdisciplinary teams. We live in a culture that loves to single out heroes. We love to crown superstars.

As graduates of MIT, however, I expect you are already skeptical of stories of scientific triumph that have only one hero. You know by now that if you want to do something big, like detect gravitational waves in outer space, or decode the human genome, or tackle climate change, or finish an 8.01 pset before sunrise – you cannot do it without a team.

As Margaret Hamilton herself would be quick to explain, by 1968, the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory had 600 people working on the moon-landing software. At its peak, the MIT hardware team was 400! And from Virginia to Texas, NASA engaged thousands more.

In short, she was one star in a tremendous constellation of talent. And together, those stars created something impossible for any one of them to create alone.

From your time at MIT, I trust all of you have experienced that feeling – of learning from each other, respecting each other, and depending on each other. And I hope that this instinct for sharing the work, and sharing the credit, is something you never forget.

The Moon landing story reflects many other MIT values. To seek out bold ideas. To not be afraid of “impossible” assignments. And always, to stay humble (especially when it comes to the laws of nature!). The Apollo story also proves how much human beings can accomplish when we invest in research, and put our trust in science.

But the final lesson I want to emphasize is not technical, and it could not be more important for our time.

Just over on that side of Killian Court, showing off their spectacular red jacket, are more than 170 members of the Class of 1969. Apollo 11 landed on the Moon a few weeks after their MIT graduation. A number of them went on to work in fields that were greatly accelerated by progress from Apollo 11. (One of them is Irene Greif, the first woman to earn a Ph.D. in computer science from MIT!)

But I believe our 1969 graduates might all agree on the most important wisdom we gained from Apollo: It was the sudden, intense understanding of our shared humanity and of the preciousness and fragility of our blue planet.

50 years later, those lessons feel more urgent than ever. And I believe that, as members of the great global family of MIT, we must do everything in our power to help make a better world. So it is in that spirit that I deliver my charge to you.

I’m going to use a word that feels very comfortable at MIT – although it has taken on a troubling new meaning elsewhere. But I know that our graduates will know what I mean.

After you depart for your new destinations, I want to ask you to hack the world – until you make the world a little more like MIT: More daring and more passionate. More rigorous, inventive and ambitious. More humble, more respectful, more generous, more kind.

And because the people of MIT also like to fix things that are broken, as you strive to hack the world, please try to heal the world, too.

Our society is like a big, complicated family, in the midst of a terrible argument. I believe that one way to make it better is to find ways to listen to each other, to understand our differences, and to work constantly to remind each other of our common humanity. I know you will find your own ways to help with this healing, too.

This morning, we share with the world nearly 3,000 new graduates who are ready for this urgent and timeless problem set.

You came to MIT with exceptional qualities of your own. And now, after years of focused and intense dedication, you leave us, equipped with a distinctive set of skills and steeped in this community’s deepest values: A commitment to excellence. Integrity. Meritocracy. Boldness. Humility. An open spirit of collaboration. A strong desire to make a positive impact. And a sense of responsibility to make the world a better place.

So now, go out there. Join the world. Find your calling. Solve the unsolvable. Invent the future. Take the high road. Shoot for the Moon! And you will continue to make your family, including your MIT family, proud.

On this wonderful day, I am proud of all of you. To every one of the members of the graduating Class of 2019: Please accept my best wishes for a happy and successful life and career. Congratulations!

哥伦比亚大学

“我们的适当寿命应该是210岁：70年学习，70年实践，70年教育下一代。”

——校长Lee Bollinger

观看视频：https://v.qq.com/x/page/o0876hgzwsc.html

校长演讲开始时间和结束时间：1:31至2:00。

Lee Bollinger鼓励学生保持开放心态，乐于思辨，去探索发现未知的事物，并勇于承担责任。“我们需要在这个时代提高音量，让世界听到我们的声音，大学需要与现实生活相融合，而一个好的生活应该是这样的：我们在不断地学习，如果我们能够学得更多，我们可以做得更好。”

可以说，每所大学的毕业典礼各有特点，而作为申请生，不妨从毕业典礼上直观感受每所学校的独特魅力与价值观，并在专业机构的帮助下，筛选出和自己各方面都契合的大学长名单。

来自棒呆国际教育

演讲资料来源：

https://www.harvard.edu/president/speech/2019/commencement

https://president.yale.edu/speeches-writings/speeches/what-are-you

https://www.princeton.edu/news/2019/06/04/2019-commencement-address-president-eisgruber-civil-virtues

https://news.stanford.edu/2019/06/16/remarks-tim-cook-2019-stanford-commencement/

https://president.mit.edu/speeches-writing/president-reifs-charge-class-2019

https://president.columbia.edu/content/2019-commencement-address