50+化学IA选题大集锦（附研究问题示例）
学生参加IB化学课程面临的最大挑战之一就是：提出一个良好的内部评估（IA）课题。
它必须与IBDP阶段的课程要求所契合，与化学教学大纲相关，必须有教科书外的知识，至关重要的是，它必须是学生亲自参与的。
许多学生不知道怎样将IB化学课题与他们现实世界相结合。为了解决这个问题，小编给大家奉上化学IA选题清单，以及一些示例研究问题（RQ）。
这些选题将根据实验技术或测量方法来分类。
请注意：这只是一个想法列表，旨在为学生提供灵感，而不是现成的项目列表。
请不要直接从此列表中复制！
原因如下：
1、内部评估的标准之一是个人参与。
学生的独立思考，主动性或创造力，可以较明确地证明个人参与度。
在选择研究问题及调查主题时所给出的理由，可以证明自己的参与度、兴趣或好奇心。
在调查的设计、实施或提出过程中更加主动，会助学生获得高分。
2、不经思考的选题会非常糟糕。
比如：
RQ只是一个标题
RQ没有重点也不清楚，无法理解目标是什么
RQ不包含任何变量
项目缺乏想象力
项目的成果过于明显
项目只是一系列测量或综合，而不是调查
小编为每个类别提供了逻辑上更弱和更有力的研究问题对比，但请注意，逻辑上更有力的研究问题不一定是一个好的研究问题。
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这里是列表：
Acid-base titration IA ideas
酸碱滴定IA选题
| Idea | Weaker Research Question | Stronger Research Question |
| Determining waters of crystallisation
确定结晶水 |
Are there more waters of crystallisation in cheap washing soda?
在便宜的洗涤苏打水中是否有更多的结晶水？
|
Does storage temperature affect the purity of washing soda crystals, determined using acid-base titration to find waters of crystallisation?
储存温度是否影响洗涤苏打晶体的纯度，决定了确定结晶水的酸碱滴定？ |
| Vinegar concentration
醋浓度 |
Does the ethanoic acid concentration vary in vinegars obtained from different grains?
从不同谷物中获得的醋中乙酸浓度是否不同？
|
Does cooking temperature affect the concentration of ethanoic acid in vinegar, measured by acid-base titration?
烹饪温度是否会影响醋中通过酸碱滴定测量的乙酸的浓度？
|
| Amount of aspirin in tablets
药片中阿司匹林的含量 |
Does the amount of aspirin in different brands accurately match the label?
不同品牌的阿司匹林含量是否与标签完全匹配？
|
Using back titration to investigate whether the concentration of aspirin from more expensive tablets is higher after 30 minutes than from cheaper ones.
使用反滴定法研究30分钟后更昂贵的片剂中阿司匹林的浓度是否高于较便宜的片剂 |
| Drug formulations
药物配方 |
Which types of indigestion medicines are fastest at neutralising stomach acid?
哪种类型的消化不良药物在中和胃酸方面最快？ |
Is the release of ibuprofen from different formulations dependent upon pH and temperature, measured using acid-base titration?
使用酸碱滴定测量，不同配方中布洛芬的释放是否取决于pH和温度？ |
| Measuring pH
测量pH值 |
Factors affecting the pH of sauerkraut
影响酸菜pH值的因素 |
Investigating the effect of fermentation time and temperature on the pH of kimchi using acid-base titration
用酸碱滴定法研究发酵时间和温度对泡菜pH值的影响 |
| Drug synthesis and purity
药物合成和纯度 |
Is sublimation of salicylic acid after decomposition a reliable way to judge stability of aspirin tablets?
分解后升华水杨酸是判断阿司匹林片稳定性的可靠方法吗？ |
Determining the optimal solvent and temperature to give highest yield for the synthesis of Dulcin from Tylenol, using titration
使用滴定法测定最佳溶剂和温度，以从Tylenol合成Dulcin得到最高产率 |
Chemistry IAs using calorimetry
量热法
| Idea | Weaker Research Question | Stronger Research Question |
| Determining enthalpy changes
确定焓变 |
Using calorimetry to determine whether alcohols with more branching have higher heats of combustion
使用量热法确定具有更多支化的醇是否具有更高的燃烧热 |
Comparing the enthalpies of combustion of ethanol, ethanal and ethanoic acid using calorimetry to quantify intermolecular force strength
使用量热法比较乙醇，乙醇和乙酸的燃烧焓，以量化分子间力强度 |
| Food calorimetry
食品量热法
|
Using calorimetry to find out which type of nut butter contains most calories
使用量热法找出哪种类型的坚果黄油含有最多的卡路里 |
Using calorimetry to investigate how food calories are affected by cooking in unsaturated and saturated vegetable oils
使用量热法研究不饱和和饱和植物油中烹饪对食物卡路里的影响 |
| Enthalpy of neutralisation
中和焓 |
Is the enthalpy of neutralisation for different acids and alkalis aways 55 kJ mol per mole?
不同酸和碱的中和焓是否为每摩尔55 kJ mol？ |
How does the size and charge of spectator ions affect the value for the enthalpy of neutralisation, measured using calorimetry?
观测离子的大小和电荷如何影响使用量热法测量的中和焓值？ |
| Hess’s Law
赫斯定律 |
Using Hess’s law to calculate a value for the enthalpy of reaction when magnesium burns in steam
使用赫斯定律计算镁在蒸汽中燃烧时的反应焓值 |
Using Hess’s law and calorimetry to investigate the relationship between enthalpy of solution, enthalpy of hydration and lattice enthalpy
用赫斯定律和量热法研究溶液焓，水合焓和晶格焓之间的关系 |
| Heating and cooling
加热和冷却
|
Which endothermic reactions are good for use in cooling packs, investigated with simple calorimetry?
哪种吸热反应适用于冷却包，用简单的量热法进行研究？ |
How can errors due to heat losses be reduced when investigating the combustion of alcohols by calorimetry?
在通过量热法研究醇的燃烧时，如何减少由于热损失引起的误差？ |
IAs involving chemical tests
化学测量
| Idea | Weaker Research Question | Stronger Research Question |
| Determining iodine number
确定碘值
|
What is the iodine number of different cooking oils?
不同烹调油的碘值是多少？
|
How do light intensity and temperature affect the stability of unsaturated oils, determined by measuring iodine number?
光强度和温度如何影响不饱和油的稳定性，通过测量碘值来确定？
|
| Rates of substitution reactions
替代反应速率 |
How is the rate of SN2 reactions affected by the carbon-halogen bond strength?
SN2反应的速率如何受碳 - 卤键强度的影响？ |
Using halide ion test to determine the activation energy for SN2 reactions of different halogenoalkanes with sodium hydroxide
使用卤离子测试来确定不同卤代烷烃与氢氧化钠的SN2反应的活化能 |
Chemistry IAs involving colorimetry
比色法
| Idea | Weaker Research Question | Stronger Research Question |
| Drug hydrolysis
药物水解 |
Is the hydrolysis of aspirin in the stomach affected by the presence of metal ions?
胃中阿司匹林的水解是否受金属离子的影响？ |
Using the half-life method and colorimetry to determine the activation energy for aspirin hydrolysis at different pH values
使用半衰期方法和比色法确定在不同pH值下阿司匹林水解的活化能 |
| Measuring pKa
测量pKa |
Determining the pKa value for ibuprofen from pH curves using the half-equivalence method
使用半等效方法从pH曲线确定布洛芬的pKa值 |
What is the pKa value for natural indicators obtained from peonies, poppies and red cabbage, determined using colorimetry?
使用比色法测定牡丹，罂粟和红甘蓝的天然指示物的pKa值是多少？ |
IAs involving complexometric titration
络合滴定法
| Idea | Weaker Research Question | Stronger Research Question |
| Calcium content of food
食物中的钙含量 |
Which type of eggshells contain most calcium as measured using precipitation reactions?
使用沉淀反应测量哪种类型的蛋壳含有大部分钙？ |
To probe whether water acidity affects the calcium ion concentration measured using EDTA complexometric titration
探讨水酸度是否影响使用EDTA络合滴定测量的钙离子浓度 |
IAs involving databases
数据库
| Idea | Weaker Research Question | Stronger Research Question |
| Lattice enthalpy
格焓 |
Does the lattice enthalpy of different salts affect how effectively they melt ice?
不同盐的晶格焓会影响它们融化冰的有效程度吗？ |
Relating experimental and theoretical values for the lattice enthalpies to charge density of different metal ions
将晶格焓的实验和理论值与不同金属离子的电荷密度相关联 |
| Computational chemistry
计算化学 |
Evaluating different mathematical models for the calculation of pI values of amino acids and comparing to database values
评估不同的数学模型，计算氨基酸的pI值并与数据库值进行比较 |
Using molecular modelling to explore the relationship between halogen size and the preference for T-shaped geometry in interhalogen compounds
使用分子模型来探讨卤素大小与卤素间化合物中T形几何形状偏好之间的关系 |
Chemistry IA topics on electrochemistry (voltaic cells, voltammetry, electrolysis)
关于电化学的主题（伏打电池，伏安法，电解）
| Idea | Weaker Research Question | Stronger Research Question |
| Electroplating
电镀 |
Which factors affect the rate of electrolysis in electroplating metals?
哪些因素会影响电镀金属的电解速率？ |
How does voltage and electrolyte concentration affect the oxide layer thickness during the anodisation of aluminium?
在铝阳极氧化过程中，电压和电解质浓度如何影响氧化层厚度？ |
| Investigating electrolysis
研究电解 |
Is the rate of copper purification affected by the voltage?
铜净化率是否受电压影响？ |
Investgating the effects of voltage and bubble overpotential on the electrolysis of sodium chloride using microscale Hoffman voltammetry
用微尺度Hoffman伏安法研究电压和气泡过电位对氯化钠电解的影响 |
| Electrochemical cells
电化学电池 |
Measuring the Gibbs energy change for different spontaneous electrochemical reactions
测量不同自发电化学反应的吉布斯能量变化 |
Is there a relationship between ionisation energy and Gibbs energy change for redox reaction between different reactive metals, determined using voltametry
使用伏安法测定，不同活性金属之间的电离能和吉布斯能量变化之间是否存在氧化还原反应之间的关系 |
IAs involving gas chromatography
气相色谱
| Idea | Weaker Research Question | Stronger Research Question |
| Investigating equilibrium
研究反应平衡 |
Determing the equilibrium constant for the interconversion of cobalt(II) hexahydrate and tetrachlorocobaltate(II)
确定六水合钴（II）和四氯钴酸盐（II）相互转化的平衡常数 |
Finding the Gibbs energy change for the esterification reaction between propanoic acid and ethanol using gas chromatography
使用气相色谱法找到丙酸和乙醇之间的酯化反应的吉布斯能量变化 |
IAs involving mass measurements
质量测量
| Idea | Weaker Research Question | Stronger Research Question |
| Investigating hydrogels (smart polymers)
研究水凝胶（智能聚合物） |
Do more expensive nappies contain better hydrogels that absorb water faster?
更昂贵的尿布含有更好的水凝胶，可以更快地吸收水分吗？ |
Does the concentration of nitrate ions in soil affect the mass of water that smart polymer hydrogels can absorb?
土壤中硝酸根离子的浓度是否会影响智能聚合物水凝胶可以吸收的水的质量？ |
| Studying thermal decomposition
研究热分解 |
Is ease of thermal decomposition of metal carbonates related to their solubility?
金属碳酸盐的热分解容易与其溶解度有关吗？ |
Investigating the relationship between metal ion charge density and thermal stability using thermal decomposition experiments
利用热分解实验研究金属离子电荷密度与热稳定性之间的关系 |
Chemistry IAs involving microscale chemistry
微尺度化学
| Idea | Weaker Research Question | Stronger Research Question |
| Microscale chemistry
微尺度化学 |
Is microscale chemistry a safe and convenient way to do reactions with halogens in a high school environment?
微量化学是否是在高中环境中与卤素发生反应的安全且方便的方法？ |
Using microscale chemistry to determine the relationship between solubility product and temperature for different metal halides
使用微尺度化学来确定不同金属卤化物的溶解度产物和温度之间的关系 |
| Microscale chemistry
微尺度化学 |
Is microscale chemistry a more efficient way to make aspirin in the laboratory?
微量化学是否是在实验室中制备阿司匹林的更有效方法？ |
Investigating the kinetics of the reaction between potassium iodide and lead nitrate using microchemistry
用微量化学法研究碘化钾与硝酸铅之间的反应动力学 |
IAs involving molecular modelling
涉及分子建模的IA
| Idea | Weaker Research Question | Stronger Research Question |
| Modelling bond angles
键角 |
Modelling bond angles in organic compounds and comparing them to actual values using ACD ChemSketch
使用ACD ChemSketch对有机化合物中的键角进行建模并将其与实际值进行比较 |
The effect of halogen electronegativity and atomic radius on bond angles in halogenoalkanes determined using CambridgeSoft Chem3D software
使用CambridgeSoft Chem3D软件测定卤素电负性和原子半径对卤代烷烃中键角的影响 |
IA topics using photoconductivity (measuring light intensity)
光电导率（测量光强度）
| Idea | Weaker Research Question | Stronger Research Question |
| Determining activation energy
确定活化能 |
What is the activation energy for the oxidation of luminol by hydrogen peroxide?
过氧化氢氧化鲁米诺的活化能是多少？ |
Determining the activation energy of 3 different ‘glowstick’ reactions by measuring light output at different temperatures
通过测量不同温度下的光输出来确定3种不同“辉光棒”反应的活化能
|
IAs involving polarimetry (measuring optical rotation)
涉及偏振测量的IA（测量旋光度）
| Idea | Weaker Research Question | Stronger Research Question |
| Measuring optical rotation
测量旋光度 |
Investigating the hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose using polarimetry
使用旋光测定法研究蔗糖水解成葡萄糖和果糖 |
Determining the equilibrium constant at different temperatures for the mutarotation of lactose using polarimetry
使用偏振测定法确定乳糖变旋转在不同温度下的平衡常数 |
IAs involving pressure measurement
涉及压力测量的IA
| Idea | Weaker Research Question | Stronger Research Question |
| Determining standard molar volume
确定标准摩尔体积 |
Applying Dalton’s law to study non-ideal gases
应用道尔顿定律研究非理想气体 |
To determine the standard molar volume of hydrogen from the reaction between magnesium and HCl using a barometric method
使用气压法测定镁和HCl之间反应的标准摩尔体积氢 |
| Calculating absolute zero
计算绝对零度 |
Can Charles’ Law be used to accurately determine absolute zero?
查尔斯定律可以用来准确地确定绝对零度吗？ |
Investigating whether ideal or non-ideal gases give a more accurate determination of absolute zero using volume-temperature ratio
研究理想气体或非理想气体是否使用体积温度比更准确地确定绝对零度 |
| Determining activation energy
确定活化能 |
Do other transition metals apart from iron(II) catalyse the iodine-clock reaction?
除铁（II）之外的其他过渡金属是否会催化碘时钟反应？ |
Does catalase or potassium iodide lower the activation energy most in the famous ‘elephant’s toothpaste’ reaction?
在着名的“大象的牙膏”反应中，过氧化氢酶或碘化钾是否会降低活化能？ |
Chemistry IA topics involving redox titration
涉及氧化还原滴定的IA
| Idea | Weaker Research Question | Stronger Research Question |
| Vitamin C content in foods
食物中的维生素C含量 |
Do superfoods contain more vitamin C?
超级食品含有更多的维生素C吗？ |
Does cooking temperature affect the vitamin C content of kale as measured by iodometric titration?
通过碘滴定测量，烹饪温度是否影响羽衣甘蓝的维生素C含量？ |
| Amount of oxalate in foods
食物中的草酸盐含量 |
Does cooking time affect how much oxalate is released from spinach?
烹饪时间会影响从菠菜中释放多少草酸盐吗？ |
Is the concentration of oxalate, measured by redox titration, in cooking water from foods like spinach affected by the water temperature and pH?
草酸盐的浓度，通过氧化还原滴定法测量，来自菠菜等食物的蒸煮水受水温和pH的影响？ |
| Determining molecular formula
确定分子式 |
Does thermal decomposition allow unknown salts to be identified?
热分解是否允许识别未知的盐？ |
Does the titration temperature affect how accurately the Mr of a hydrated salt can be determined using redox titration?
滴定温度是否影响使用氧化还原滴定法测定水合盐的Mr的准确度？ |
| Percentage iron in vitamin tablets
维生素片中铁的百分比 |
Do expensive iron tablets contain more iron than cheaper vitamin tablets?
昂贵的铁片含有比更便宜的维生素片更多的铁吗？ |
To investigate whether different iron complexes used in vitamin tablets are affected by pH using manganate(VII ) titration
研究维生素片中使用的不同铁络合物是否受到使用锰酸盐（VII）滴定的pH的影响 |
| Amount of copper in brass
黄铜中的铜量 |
Do different grades of brass contain different amounts of copper?
不同等级的黄铜含有不同量的铜吗？ |
Using iodometric titration to investigate whether the amount of copper varies in different euro coins
使用碘量滴定来研究铜的数量是否随着不同的欧元硬币而变化 |
| Oxygen content in water
水中的氧含量 |
Is the oxygen level in my local canal enough to satisfy the biological oxygen demand (BOD) for fish?
当地运河的氧气水平是否足以满足鱼类的生物需氧量（BOD）？ |
Does water temperature or pH most affect oxygen levels in lakes as measured using the Winkler method?
使用Winkler方法测量水温或pH值是否会影响湖泊中的氧含量？ |
| Rust removers
除锈剂 |
Do rust removers containing oxalic acid work better if they are used hot?
含有草酸的除锈剂是否趁热使用效果更好 |
To examine if oxalic acid or citric acid rust removers are more effective at higher temperatures using redox titration
使用氧化还原滴定法检测草酸或柠檬酸除锈剂在较高温度下是否更有效 |
IAs involving solvent extraction
涉及溶剂萃取的IA
| Idea | Weaker Research Question | Stronger Research Question |
| Caffeine determination
咖啡因的测定 |
Using colorimetry to investigate whether coffee contains more caffeine than tea
使用比色法研究咖啡是否含有比茶更多的咖啡因 |
Investigating whether solvent polarity affects the mass of caffeine extracted from coffee beans using HPLC
使用HPLC研究溶剂极性是否影响从咖啡豆中提取的咖啡因的质量 |
| Caffeine extraction
咖啡因的测定 |
Does water temperature affect the caffeine concentration of tea?
水温会影响茶的咖啡因浓度吗？ |
Does the charge density of the salt ions affect the partition ratio for caffeine extraction from water with different solvents?
盐离子的电荷密度是否会影响用不同溶剂从水中提取咖啡因的分配比例？ |
IAs using spectroscopy
光谱学
| Idea | Weaker Research Question | Stronger Research Question |
| Radical substitution reactions
自由基取代反应 |
Does vitamin C act as a radical scavenger and slow down the rate of free radical substitution?
维生素C是否会起到根治性清除剂的作用，并减缓自由基取代的速度？ |
Does wavelength of UV light affect the products obtained from the reaction between ethane and chlorine, determined using NMR spectroscopy?
紫外线的波长是否影响乙烷和氯之间反应得到的产物，使用核磁共振光谱测定？ |
| Investigating surfactants
表面活性剂 |
Does the critical micelle concentration of ‘Triton’ and ‘Tergitol’ type surfactants affect their detergent ability?
'Triton'和'Tergitol'型表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度是否影响其洗涤能力？ |
Using spectrophotometry to investigate whether the CMC of quaternary ammonium salts is affected by pH
用分光光度法研究季铵盐的CMC是否受pH影响 |
| Chlorophyll in food
食物中的叶绿素
|
Does cooking time affect rate of chlorophyll degradation?
烹饪时间是否影响叶绿素降解率？ |
Investigating how water pH affects chlorophyll degradation at different temperatures using spectrophotometry
使用分光光度法研究水pH如何影响不同温度下的叶绿素降解 |
| Investigating fluorescence
荧光 |
Using spectroscopy to investigate chlorophyll fluorescence
用光谱学研究叶绿素荧光 |
How is the fluorescence wavelength of fluorophores present in tumeric affected by solvent polarity measured by spectroscopy?
通过光谱测量，溶剂极性对姜黄中荧光团的荧光波长有何影响？ |
| Measuring absorbance
测量吸光度
|
Is the absorbance of light by transition metal complex related to the ligand charge?
过渡金属络合物的光吸收是否与配体电荷有关？ |
Is their a correlation between metal ion charge and wavelength of light absorbed by transition metal complexes?
它们是金属离子电荷与过渡金属配合物吸收的光波长之间的相互关系吗？ |
| Determining rate expression
确定费率表达 |
Using the vanishing cross method to determine the order of reactions when sodium thiosulfate and hydrochloric acid react
使用消失交叉法测定硫代硫酸钠和盐酸反应时的反应顺序 |
Evaluating the rate law and rate constant for the kinetics of the bleaching reactions of some common dyes using spectrometry
使用光谱法评估一些常见染料的漂白反应动力学的速率定律和速率常数 |
| Enzyme kinetics
酶动力学 |
Determining the optimum temperature for the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide by catalase found in liver
确定肝脏中过氧化氢酶分解过氧化氢的最佳温度 |
Which factor, UV light, temperature or pH has the greatest effect on the denaturation of lipase measured using UV-VIS spectroscopy?
紫外线，温度或pH中，哪种因素对使用UV-VIS光谱测量的脂肪酶变性影响最大？ |
| Investigating catalysts
催化剂 |
Which is the best catalyst for hydrogen peroxide decomposition, potato, liver, manganese oxide or potassium permanganate?
哪种是过氧化氢分解的最佳催化剂，马铃薯，肝脏，氧化锰或高锰酸钾？ |
Investigating solid acid catalysis of esterification reactions using infra-red spectroscopy
用红外光谱研究酯化反应的固体酸催化剂 |
IAs involving spreadsheets
电子表格
| Idea | Weaker Research Question | Stronger Research Question |
| Spreadsheet calculations
电子表格计算 |
Using Excel to calculate pI values for peptide and compare with literature values
使用Excel计算肽的pI值并与文献值进行比较 |
Modelling the relationship between reaction quotient and equilibrium constant when changing temperature and pressure of the Haber reaction using spreadsheets
当使用电子表格改变Haber反应的温度和压力时，模拟反应商与平衡常数之间的关系 |
Chemistry IA topics based around synthesis
基于合成反应的IA
| Idea | Weaker Research Question | Stronger Research Question |
| Different heating methods
不同的加热方式 |
Can aspirin be prepared using microwave heating instead of a water bath?
阿司匹林可以用微波加热而不是水浴来制备吗？ |
Assessing the yield of aspirin when prepared using microwave heating compared to conventional heating method
与常规加热方法相比，使用微波加热制备阿司匹林的产率 |
| Aromatic compounds
芳香族化合物 |
Using thin-layer chromatography to investigate the synthesis of the antiseptic 2,4,6-tricholorohydroxybenzene
使用薄层色谱法研究抗菌2,4,6-三氯苯基苯的合成 |
Comparing the products from the nitration of benzene, phenol and benzaldehyde using infra-red spectroscopy
使用红外光谱法比较苯，苯酚和苯甲醛的硝化产物 |
| Fragrance compounds
香料化合物 |
The effect of reaction temperature on the yield from esterification reactions
反应温度对酯化反应产率的影响 |
The effect of reaction temperature on product purity when synthesising Oil of Wintergreen assessed using TLC
用TLC评价合成冬青油时反应温度对产物纯度的影响 |
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