从哈佛2019届毕业数据，看美国顶尖本科生的人生规划

哈佛2019届毕业数据

根据哈佛校报The Crimson报道，哈佛大学第368届毕业典礼于5月30日星期四举行，主题是，移民创造了梦想，会让世界更美丽

自此哈佛大学2019届本科生正式毕业，而这些学生的大部分即将步入社会！按照惯例，哈佛校报向所有2019届本科毕业生征集毕业计划，以下数据来自参与校报调查的受访者：

当谈到毕业规划时，哈佛大学2019届学生与往届相当类似：大多数参与校报调查的毕业生将定居东西两岸，在传统诸如咨询、金融和技术等高薪行业开启职业生涯。哈佛毕业生第一年人均起薪远高于全美大学毕业生的平均水准。

When it comes to post-graduate plans, Harvard’s Class of 2019 is pretty similar to its forebears — most surveyed seniors will move to the coasts, work in traditionally high-paying industries like finance or consulting, and draw salaries significantly larger than those seen by the average American college student in the first year after graduation.

在这些毕业生中，64%将直接工作；16%进入研究生院或职业学院（医学院、法学院或商学院）深造；8%将通过奖学金计划继续学业；只有10%尚未确定下一年计划，但有2%打算到各地旅行寻求诗与远方。

A clear majority of respondents — 64 percent — plan to enter the workforce, while 16 percent will attend graduate or professional school. Roughly 8 percent will stick to the books by pursuing fellowship programs, roughly 10 percent are undecided, and just 2 percent expect to spend the first year out of college traveling.

位置为王

本届毕业生毕业去向与往届几乎一致，数量可观的哈佛学生（23%）将在毕业后前往纽约；而麻州和加州紧随其后，为第二及第三大目的州，分别接纳21%和14%的哈佛2019届毕业生。10%的学生尚未决定去向。11%的毕业生计划赴海外发展，其中超过半数选择欧洲。

A majority of surveyed members of the Class of 2019 will be staying on one of the two American coasts after graduation. As in previous years, a plurality of respondents — 23 percent — indicated they plan to move to New York within the next year. The second and third-most popular states among graduating seniors are Massachusetts and California, which will host 21 penrcent and 14 percent of the Class of 2019, respectively. Eleven percent of students plan to live outside of the United States after graduation. Of those, more than half will relocate to Europe. Ten percent of students said they are still undecided about where to live after graduation.

就业蓝图

2019届直接就业的学生选择行业集中在三大领域：18%在咨询行业就职、17%在金融业工作、而14%将从事科技行业，本届学生就业去向与往年非常相似。

As has been true for the past several years, three industries dominate Harvard seniors’ post-graduate plans. Of respondents who plan to enter the workforce, a plurality — 18 percent — indicated they are going into consulting. Finance and technology clocked in at a close second and third in terms of popularity, drawing 16 and 14 percent of graduating seniors, respectively.

7%的毕业生选择从事健康产业，5%的学生将成为政府部门公务人员或从事政治相关工作，6%将进入非营利或公共服务机构、而6%将成为教育工作者。6%的学生计划进入学术界或从事研究工作，而分别有3%和2%的学生选择艺术和法律行业。

Of surveyed seniors who will enter the workforce, 6 percent indicated they plan to work in the health industry. Five percent will go into government or politics, 7 percent into public service or nonprofit work, and 6 percent into academia or research.

16%的受访者称2016年大选结果（当时他们还是大二学生）对其毕业计划造成影响。这其中35%决定放弃寻求联邦政府机关就职机会、而15%则由此下定决心服务公共部门而非私营企业；6%称希望从政并竞选公职。

Sixteen percent of respondents indicated the the 2016 election — which took place when members of the Class of 2019 were sophomores — changed their postgraduate plans. Of those, 35 percent said they decided not to pursue a job in the federal government after the events of November 2016, while 15 percent said they chose to take a job in the public sector rather than in the private sector. Six percent now hope to run for political office.

相比之下，分别有80%、62%和64%从事健康服务、学术研究以及事教育工作的毕业生为女生。咨询、金融和技术三大行业的性别差异依然存在，不过相比往年程度略有缩减。在2019届毕业生中，分别有57%、58%和54%在咨询、金融和技术行业就职者为男生。

Gender gaps in consulting, finance, and technology still exist for the Class of 2019 — but shrank slightly as compared to previous years. Fifty-seven percent of those who indicated they will pursue post-graduate jobs in consulting are male, compared to 58 percent of those who will work in finance and 54 percent of those taking technology jobs.

展望未来十年，数量可观的受访者（17%）表示希望从事健康产业。学术和研究领域则紧随其后，成为名列第二的热门领域，11%的受访者热切期望于未来十年内在学术界发展。仅有2%和5%受访者认为自己在十年后继续从事咨询和金融行业。

By contrast, 80 percent of those planning to pursue work in the health industry are female; as are 62 percent of those who will work in academia and research; and 64 percent of those who will work in education. Fifty-six percent of surveyed members of all-male final clubs or fraternities will enter finance or consulting, compared to 26 percent of respondents not involved in social organizations. Fifty-three percent of respondents who indicated involvement in a sorority or female final club will work in either finance or consulting.

2019届毕业生职业分布

 

关于年薪

平均而言，2019届选择就业的毕业生的收入远远高于美国高校2018年毕业生大学生所挣的48,000美元。

Once again, the freshest batch of Harvard seniors will make — on average — much more than the average recent graduate in the United States. While the typical American college student can expect to draw roughly $48,000 a year, a slight majority of the Class of 2019 indicated they expect to earn a salary above $70,000 in their first year out of college. Gender discrepancies also persisted; as in previous years, male respondents were more likely to report higher salaries than were female respondents.

全体毕业生起始薪金

 

53%受访者表示第一年收入达到或超过70,000美元，其中包括12%受访者首年收入不少于110,000美元。9%的受访者认为他们第一年年薪将低于30,000美元，包括3%将任职无收入的公益岗位。

Fifty-three percent of surveyed Harvard seniors said they will earn salaries of $70,000 or more in their first year out of school, including 12 percent who indicated they will draw more than $110,000. Nine percent of surveyed students said they will earn less than $30,000, while 3 percent indicated they expect to take unpaid jobs.

男生起始薪金

 

性别差异依然存在，与往年一样，男生薪水高于女性。17%男生首年收入不少于110,000美元，而仅有8%的女生同样如此；64％ 的男生工资超过 7 万美元，女生为 44％。

Sixty-four percent of male respondents indicated they expect to earn more than $70,000 each year, while 44 percent of female survey takers indicated the same. Seventeen percent of male respondents said they will earn more than $110,000, compared to just 8 percent of female respondents.

女生起始薪金

 

大部分受访者（58%）期望在工作第一年就收获奖金（bonus），其中22%的受访者希望收到的奖金超过20,000美元。

As was the case last year, a majority of respondents — 58 percent — said they expect to earn a bonus in their first year of work. Roughly 22 percent believe the bonus will total more than $20,000.

就职于金融业和咨询业的受访者中，分别有68%和23%期望奖金额超过20,000美元，而93%就职于学术界、公共服务、教育和非营利性领域的受访者压根没有指望有外快进账。

Sixty-eight percent of students working in finance expect to earn a bonus totaling more than $20,000 in their first year on the job, as do 23 percent of seniors who will take consulting jobs. No students who plan to work in academia expect to draw bonuses; nor do the vast majority — 93 percent — of respondents who intend to work in public service or nonprofit jobs.

家庭背景

约62%的受访者承认毕业后仍将从父母处获得财务支持，这包括17%预计在房租或其他生活费用方面得到“相当”程度的帮助。

Sixty-two percent of graduating seniors said they expect to receive some kind of financial assistance from their parents in the first year after graduation, with 17 percent indicating they expect that that support will be “substantial” — most likely coming in the form of rent or living expenses.

18%的受访者表示他们毕业后需要偿还学费贷款。在这些学生中，31%认为贷款对毕业之后的人生规划造成影响。

Eighteen percent of respondents indicated they will graduate from Harvard with student loans. Of those who will leave the school with student loans, 31 percent said the loans affected their post-graduate plans.

约20%的受访者相信其家庭社会经济地位“极大”影响了他们的毕业规划；另外52%认为毕业规划“一定程度上”与家庭社会经济地位有关；剩余28%则认为其家庭经济状况与毕业选择毫无关系。

Twenty percent of surveyed seniors said their family’s socioeconomic status “greatly” informed their post-graduate plans, while 28 percent indicated their family’s socioeconomic status did not inform their post-college decision-making. The majority of respondents — 52 percent — indicated their family’s socioeconomic situation “somewhat” informed their post-Harvard plans.