AP考试：现任FAA考官如何回答关于维修经历证明，实操考试和备考这些问题？

本文产生背景如下：

两位比较有代表性的考生在咨询现任FAA的AP执照考官也就是DME的相关问题！

考生1：在某航空工作7年，由于平时接触的是塞斯纳172和150等这些螺旋桨小飞机，因为在实操考试中遇到了涡扇发动机等方面的内容，导致考试没有通过（主要就是因为考生经历与实际实操考试中很多内容不符，平时工作没有接触过，这样的考生如何准备工作经历，进行申请和备考考试）！其就实际工作经历时长和实操考试的内容咨询考官 Denny

考生2：直升机航空维护工作10年，从事的螺旋桨飞机维护比较有经验，咨询关于实操考试中一些类似固定翼the dope and fabric projects-（涂料，织布或蒙皮等实操项目）知识点的备考方法，以及考试相关问题！

以下为正文

关于考生1的问题的回答：

Thank you for the feedback. I think many ofthe issues and concern you noted are being address maybe not directly, butindirectly with the new DME procedures.

谢谢你们的反馈。我认为你们关心的一些问题大多都指向新的dme流程

Applicants for a mechanic certificate mustmeet the requirements of part 65 subparts A and D. There are two ways to meetthe requirements of part 65 subparts A and D 1) work experience and 2) attend apart 147 aviation program.

执照申请人必须满足65部的A和D的要求，有两种方式满足要求，1.维修经历2.从事147部航空相关工作

Section 65.77 requires the applicant tohave documented practical experience in maintaining airframes and/orpowerplants. At least 18-months of practical experience appropriate to therating requested is required.

FAA的FAR 65部77章要求申请人具有可以证明的机身和(或)发动机的维修经历。每个评定要求最少18个月相关经历。

For a certificate with both ratings, therequirement is at least 30-months of experience concurrently performing theduties appropriate to both ratings.

如果要同时获得两项评定(airframe和powerplant)的资格，则要求至少30个月的同时实施a&p的工作经历。

If the applicant has not met the required30-months concurrently performing the duties appropriate to both ratings,calculate each rating separately using the 18-month requirement for each.

如果申请人不能提供30个月的同时实施a&p的经历，则需要单独计算每个评定的18个月的经历。

NOTE:Applying for ratings separately will result in no less than 36 months total requirement for both ratings.

提示:如果单独计算经历，为了两个评定会导致需要不少于36个月的工作经历证明。

编注：中国机务申请AP执照考试，必须提供真实的可以证明其工作经历时长的文件，由于中国机务大部分接触的是大重型飞机，且国内通常按照ME，AV或STR等专业划分，有的朋友在大修厂，有的则是机场机务，航线机务，这些都没有关系，只需提供真实的工作经历证明就可以！

局方Interview审核工作经历时，也会综合考虑“评定”的，举例你只做电子类维护工作的朋友，肯定在发动机方面有自己 的欠缺，但是通过维修经历明细综合看，是符合AP基础执照考试资格的！

Practical Experience. 实作经历

The practical experience must provide theapplicant with basic knowledge of and skills in the procedures, practices,materials, tools, machine tools, and equipment used in aircraft construction,alteration, maintenance, and inspection。

实作经历使申请人掌握基础知识和技能，熟悉程序，操作，材料，工具，工装，设备，用以从事飞机结构修理，改装，维护，检查。

expectation期望

There is no expectation that an applicantbe highly proficient in overhauls, major repairs, or major alterations in theminimum 18 months of experience.

我们没有期望在如此短的18个月里申请人能精通大修，大改这些东西。

Powerplant Tests. 发动机测试

Powerplant tests will include questions andprojects on propellers that the applicant must successfully complete regardlessof his or her experience.

发动机测试包含关于螺旋桨的问题和项目，哪怕没有经验，考生也必须完成这些测试。

Part Time Practical Experience.

During the evaluation of part time practicalaviation maintenance experience, the applicant must document an equivalent of18 months for each rating individually, or 30 months of experience for bothratings. This is based on a standard work week that has 8 hours per day for 5days per week, or a 40 hour work week, or a total of approximately 160 hoursper month. The time is cumulative, but the days, weeks, and months are notrequired to be consecutive. The practical experience must be documented.

兼职实作经验

评估兼职实作经历时，申请人必须证明单个评定对应的18个月或两个评定的30个月的维修经历。时间基于标准工作周，比如每个星期5天8小时，或每个星期40小时，或者每个月大概160小时。时间可以累加，而且不要求连续。维修经历必须要有证明。

With the revised FAA Order 8900.2A now meetthe requirements to take the tests is one thing, but passing is somethingdifferent. Applicants can still purchase the written test questions and answer even if the FAA does not publish them anymore. Many applicants will study and pass the written tests.

因为修订的faa指令8900.2A，现在参加考试和通过不是一回事(工作经历非常有可能与实操考试知识点不符)。faa就算不再发布题库，考生依旧可以购买题库复习并通过考试。(-这里强调的就是，即便考生考试经历与实操知识点有差异，比如先前只维护通航小飞机经历的，在考涡扇涡喷等发动机方面的内容时，完全可以事先备考，通过学习题库来弥补经历差异，从而通过考试)

Testing Periods. 考试时效

Once the tests have begun, applicants mustpass all the required tests within a 24 month period and this include the Oraland Practical tests.

考生必须在2年内完成所有的项目，包括口试和实作。(编注：注意，这里需要指出的是，笔试和口试实操考试分别独立，也就是说两年内你可以先考笔试，笔试通过了，再在剩下的时间内考口试实操-口试实操必须一次性全部通过；有的朋友问，口试实操能否再分开考，比如实操考20个项目，能否先考10个，余下的10个过段时间再考，这个方案是不行的)

With the new downloader planning sheet the DME will be using the FAA will pick all oral test questions as well as the practical projects. What has changed as well is if a applicant fail asubsection say on the Airframe section 1 then they fail the entire section 1and will have to retest the entire section again.

DME会使用新的下载计划页，和实作项目一样，FAA会从整个口试题库里抽题。同样改变的是，如果考生口试时没有通过机身第1章的任意一小项，那么整章都挂了，需要重新考机身第1章。

On all retest, the DME will download a newretest and again the FAA will pick the questions and them will be differentfrom the original test. The same thing for the practical skills test if you faila project you would have to repeat that project and a set of new practicalprojects the DME will download from the FAA database.

补考时，DME会重新下载新的补考页，FAA会重新抽题，于先前的题目不一样。实作技能考试也是一样，如果你挂了一个项目，你必须重新做这个，DME会从faa数据库里重新下载一个实作项目题库(实作也有题目要问的说)

编注：这里考官主要是针对2015年10月之后，FAA官方考试方式以及DME的出题方式有了全新的变化的，口试实操题目都是通过官方题库里直接随机生成的考题，每个章节的知识点在实际考试中必须全部通过，否则只能是重新生成考题再重考，关于这方面新政策的详细解读.

Make no mistake about the new O&P testing it random questions and projects and will be the luck of the draw what project an applicant will get. If an applicant only has turbine experience theymay get reciprocating engine projects the DME will have no say in the projects.

别搞错了，新的口试实作考试是完全随机的题目和项目，考生全靠运气抽题。如果考生只有涡轮发动机的经验，却抽到了活塞发动机的项目，DME也没有办法。

The new planning sheet the DMEs will beusing will level the playing field when it comes to testing applicants. The part 147 school applicant will be better prepared since their school programscover all of the subject area’s with class room study and hands on projects inthe lab. So for part 147 applicants I do not see any issues.

DME使用全新的计划页考核考生，是完全公平的。147部学校的考生会准备的更好，因为他们的学校教学，从教室到实验室，包含了所有考核项目。所以147部的考生，在我看来没有任何问题。

However, for military and mechanicauthorized to test on work experience I see the oral and practical being a verydifficult test to pass without formal part 147 school training.

同时，军人和机械员如果仅仅依靠工作经验去参加测试，而不是经过正式的147部学习，我认为口试和实作是有相当难度的事情。

编注：关于口试实操考试的问题，我们强调中国机务要调整心态和看法，首先AP执照对于FAA来说是一个机务职业的入门执照，在实际实操考试中，考察的是你的施工标准和注意事项，对于故障处理结果不会刻意的要求，如果碰到你完全么有见过（如果你按照实操考试题库进行备考，不会出现没有见过的实操项目的现象）或者操作过的项目，完全可以自己现场查找手册（考试现场会提供对应手册），根据手册查询结果来指导你进行操作

退一万步讲，比如一些机场机务或者航材的平时一线操作计划少的朋友，对实操考试有疑虑，可以自愿选择在考前进行针对性的实操项目培训-（这个是付费项目，按照科目对应的项目，每小时收费）

This new downloader planning sheet doesserve a good purpose

新下载计划页有

1) it prevents a DME from only picking oraland practical projects based on an applicant’s background and

1)它避免了 DME通过考生的背景经历来选题(防止舞弊)

2) it requires all DMEs to have the sametype of tool and equipment leveling the testing playing field.

2)它要求所有DME提供相同的工具设备，使考试更加公平。

I will admit the new tool list the FAArequires all DMEs to have will force many private DMEs to retire, as it will benot be cost effective to purchase all the things that a part 147 school has. Asa result, for DMEs being affiliated with a part 147 school is a major plussince they all have the required tools and equipment to run their schools.

我认为新的工具清单上要求所有DME必须具备，会导致很多个人DME干不下去，因为购买这些147部学校拥有的工具设备需要花不少钱。对于附属于147部学校的DME们这根本不是个问题，因为学校里有全部的工装设备。

总结：AP执照考试内容和条件局方只公布了一个准则条款，但是不同的人需要有自己合适的理解，作为考官只能要求大家认真备考，消化好每一个知识点，以不变应万变，无论如何，备考好了，知识点消化了是自己的，考试只是检验知识掌握程度的手段而已！

关于第二个考生的问题的回答：

A lot of the issues you mentioned I agreewith. I just completed going through all of the 682 possible practical projectsin the NEW Practical Test Standard (PTS) and researching all the data for eachone.

你提到的很多问题，我很赞同，我曾经研究了新的PTS标准下（大家注意：FAA局方最新的PTS更新于2015年9月，三科都有更新，具体不明白的朋友联系小编-微信号faachina咨询）的所有682个实操项目，并且详细记录学习了每一个实操项目所要考察的项目

The FAA had decided to put some of the dopeand fabric projects back because of the LSA category of aircraft and many usethis process.

根据研究梳理的结果看，FAA局方已经决定将涂料和织布项目重新放回实作，因为lsa(light sport aircraft)类型和很多其他飞机都有用到这些技能

All the FAA expects on the practical testsis the basic skills and nothing more.

局方的意图明显，也即通过实操考试来检验考生的基本技能，仅此而已！

However, going through all the possibleprojects is did find a few in the turbine section that I would consider morethan requiring basic skills.

然而，研究了所有的实操项目之后，我发现想要顺利通过实操考试，学习更多的知识点很有必要，比如，在实操项目中也出现了一些关于涡轮发电机章节的内容（这些内容可不是简单的基础技能）

Because of the new planning sheets thatwill have the 20 selected projects, I decided to look each and every one up andwrite down the reference from the NEW FAA AMT-Series(Dale Crane) or AC 43.13-1B where I found the reference for that project.

在新的实操考试操作办法中，我们知道需要全部随机抽调20个实操项目，因此，我们找出了每一个实操项目在新的教材(Dale Crane)和AC43.13-1B中对应的知识点参考，

The new FAA AMT-Series(Dale Crane) and for the General,Airframe and Engine do cover all the subject areas pretty well with  illustrated by detailed diagrams and simple illustrations. All most all of the data is the same and some updated.

新的教材通过详实的图表和简单易懂的图示完美包含了AGP三科考试的所有知识点，知识点大同小异，有一些做了更新

I really think any applicant can pass theoral and practical test if they take the NEW Practical Test Standard(PTS-testgiude) and do what I did as a DME and look up each section andelement. I realize this takes time and it took me three weeks straight to lookup and read all the reference material and make a project sheets for each one.

我坚信，只要考生像我一样，通过全新的NEW PTS-testguide认真研究复习了每章节理论知识点，他都能顺利通过OP考试；当然，复习是需要花时间的，比如我就花了三个星期去通读所有的考试项目，并找出对应的参考知识点，同时也为每个考试项目做了学习笔记！

However the practical test is at the basiclevel and I wrote all my projects to that level and I would expect everyapplicant that tests to use the PTS as a study guide regardless if they went to a part 147 or obtain work experience.

然而，实操考试出发点是测试基础能力，但是在复习的时候要全面细心的理解所有知识点；因此我们也希望，无论你是147学员还是在职机务，都需要认真的学习这本全新的PTS（作为参考资料）

Lastly, my best applicants have been formerand current military applicants. If an applicant can read, follow directions(maintenance procedures) and not get hurt they will pass the practical tests.

最后，来我这边考试的最好的考生是来自军队的申请者（心理素质好），如果大家能够顺畅的阅读，看懂手册，放平心态，那么他就会通过实操考试

Each project will have reference data toread and follow this is part of the test and not getting hurt is the safetyrelated part of the test.

要知道，每一个考试项目都有很明确的参考资料来学习，根据你备考的成果来指导你考试，平常心对待考试过程也非常重要！

All I ask applicants is come prepared andnot stress out. Stress is the biggest issue I see in all the applicants I havetested, but being prepared will certainly reduce the stress.

在正式考试之前，我都会问每一位考试是否准备好考试，并且提醒他不要紧张，不要有压力；心理上的压力是影响考试的最大因素，但是，请一定认真备考，只有这样，才能做到胸有成竹，从容应考