USACO 2019 February Contest Platinum Problem 3 Mowing Mischief

Bessie's younger cousins, Ella and Bella, are visiting the farm. Unfortunately, they have been causing nothing but mischief since they arrived.

In their latest scheme, they have decided to mow as much grass as they can. The farm's prime grassland is in the shape of large T×TT×T square. The bottom-left corner is (0,0)(0,0), and the top-right corner is (T,T)(T,T). The square therefore contains (T+1)2(T+1)2 lattice points (points with integer coordinates).

Ella and Bella plan to both start at (0,0)(0,0) and run at unit speed to (T,T)(T,T) while each holding one end of a very sharp and very stretchy wire. Grass in any area that is swept by this wire will be cut. Ella and Bella may take different paths, but each path consists of only upward and rightward steps, moving from lattice point to lattice point.

Bessie is rather concerned that too much grass will be cut, so she invents a clever plan to constrain the paths Ella and Bella take. There are NN yummy flowers (1≤N≤2⋅105(1≤N≤2⋅105) scattered throughout the grassland, each on a distinct lattice point. Bessie will pick a set of SS flowers that will be required for both Ella and Bella to visit (so Ella's path must visit all the flowers in SS, and so must Bella's path). In order to add as many waypoints to these paths as possible, Bessie will choose SS to be as large as possible among subsets of flowers that can be visited by a cow moving upward and rightward from (0,0)(0,0) to (T,T)(T,T).

Ella and Bella will try to maximize the amount of grass they cut, subject to the restriction of visiting flowers in SS. Please help Bessie choose SS so that the amount of grass cut is as small as possible.

OUTPUT FORMAT (file mowing.out):

A single integer, giving the minimum possible amount of cut grass.

SAMPLE INPUT:

5 20 19 1 2 6 9 15 10 3 13 11

SAMPLE OUTPUT:

117

In the above example, it is optimal for Bessie to pick the flowers at (10,3)(10,3) and (13,11)(13,11). Then in the worst case, Ella and Bella will cut three rectangles of grass with total area 117117.

Problem credits: Dhruv Rohatgi