专业生物、医学英语常用前后缀总结

专业生物、医学英语前后缀总结

1．人体主要器官前缀名称通用名前（后）缀常用形容词示例

心 heart cardiao- cardial cardium/carditis/cardiology

脑 brain encepholo- cerebralcerebrum/encephalitis/encephalology

肺 lung pulmo- pulmonarypulmontiis/pulmonectomy/pulmonology

肝 liver hepato- hepatic hepatitis/hepatobiliary/hepatology

胃 stomach gastro- gastricgastritis/gastrointestinal/gastrology

胆 gallbladder chole- biliaryholecystitis/cholinergic/cholecystectomy

肠 intestine entero- intestinalenteritis/enterectomy/enterology

脾 spleen splen- splenic splenitis/splenectomy/splenology

胰 pancreas pancreato- pancreaticpancreatitis/pancreatectomy

肾 kidney nephro- renal/nephricnephritis/nephropathy/nephrology

2．与人体系统、器官有关的前（后）缀名称通用名前（后）缀示例

血 blood hemo-/hemato hematology/hemoglobin/hematoma

血管 vessel vaso- vasopressor/cardiovasology/verebrovascular

静脉 vein veno- venography/intravenous/venoconstriction

动脉 artery arterio- arteriology/arteriole/arteriosclerosis

肌 muscle myo- mycology/myositis/myocarditis

髓 marrow myel-/myelo- myelocyte/myelitis/myeloma

神经 nerve neur-/neyro- neurology/neuritis/neuron

细胞 cell cyto-/-cyte cytology/cytoma/leukocyte

尿 urine uro-/ur- urology/urosurgery/urogenital

体 body somato-/some somatology/somatopsychic/chromosome

3．与数字有关的前缀数字前缀示例

一（单） mono-/uni- monomer/monoclone/carbonmonoxide/unidirectional

二 bi-/di- bilateral/biphasiccarbon dioxide/dipeptide

三 tri- trilateral/triphasic/trigeminal nerve

四 tetra- tetramer/tetracycline/tetraplegia

五 penta- pentagon/pentachromic/pentachloride

六 hexa- hexachromic/benzenehexachloride(666)/hexacycliccompiund

七 hepta- heptachromic/heptaploid/heptavalent

八 octa- octahedral/octal system

九 nona- nonapeptide/nonagon

十 deca- decade/decagram/decaliter

注：十位数的表示一般为：个位数前缀+deca，如：hexadecanol（十六烷醇），tetradecapeptide gastrin（十四肽胃泌素），octadecanoicacid（十八烷酸）

4．颜色及与颜色有关的前缀颜色通用名前缀示例色 color chrom-/chromo- chromosome/chromatin/chromatometer

红 red erythro- erythrocyte/erythrocyturia/erythrometer

白 white leuko- leukocyte/leukemia/leukocytuira

黑 black melano- melena/melanoma/melanoderma

黄 yellow xantho- xanthopsin/xanthosis/xanthoma

蓝 blue cyan-/cyano cyanosis/cyanopsia/cyanemia

紫 violet/purple

绿 green

棕 brown brown mixture/brown ring

橙 orange Victoria orange/ethyl orange/orange G

粉红 pink oink frothy sputum

绯红 crimson

青铜 bronzed bronzed diabetes

注：有些病名的“蓝”“紫”“青”为同义，其前缀都为“cyano-”.

5．与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀(1)含义前（后）缀形容词示例

病 patho- pathogen/pathology/pathogenesis/-pathy -pathic neuropathy/nephropathy/adenopathy

病态 -osis -otic neurosis/tuberculosis/schistosomiasis

增多 leukocytosis/erythrocytopenia/granulocytosis

减少 -penia -penicleukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia/granulocytopenia

无 a-/an- atypical/anuria/agranulocytopenia

小/微 -letdroplet/platelet/leafletmicro- microscopy/microorganism/micronucleus

大/巨 macro-macroscopic/macronucleus/macrophage-megaly splenomegaly/acromegaly/hepatomegaly

复合/多 poly-polyuria/polymer/polyopia

全/泛 pan-pancolectomy/panmyelosis/pandemic

6．与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀(2)含义前（后）缀示例

相反 dis- disease/disorder/disability

困难/障碍 dys-dysfunction/dyspepsia/dyspnea

不良 mal- malfunction/malnutrition/malpractice

炎症 -it is appendicitis/bronchitis/arthritis

瘤/块 -oma lymphoma/adenoma/hematoma

血症 -emia leukemia/septisemia/bacteremia

痛 -algia/-algesia/alge-/algo-analgesia/hypoalgesia/algometer

麻痹 -plegia hemipleia/pamplegia/myoplegia

流出 -rrhea diarrhea/hypermenorrhea/rhinorrhea

坏死 -necrosis necro-/necr- hepatonecrosis/myonecrosis/necrospermia

结石 litho-/-lith lithiasis/lithogenesis/cholelithes

7．与方位有关的前缀含义通用词前缀示例

上 upper/superior pi-/supra-epidemic/epithelium/supracostal

下 lower/inferior nfra-/sub-infracostal/subclavicular/subcutaneous

前 front/anterior/prior fore-/ante- forehead/anteroposterior/precirrhosis/pre-

后 back/posterior post-/retro-posthepatic/postprandial/retrocardiac

内 inner/internal in-/endo-/ento-inhalation/endoscopy/entocranial

外 outer/external ex-/exo- extract/excretion/exocardial

间 between inter- intermuscular/intercostal/intercourse

旁/副 on the side ofpara- parathyroid/paraprotein/pararenal

周 around peri- perioperative/pericarditis/peritoneum

中心 central centri-/centra-centrifugation/centralize/centronucleus/centro-

反/对 oppositecounter-/contra- counterpart/countershock/contraindication

注：in vivo/in’vaivou/活体内;in vitro/invaitrou/活体外或试管内；in situ/in’saitju:/原位

8．与外科手术有关的前（后）缀含义前（后）缀示例

切除 -ectomy appendectomy/gastrectomy/splenectomy

切开 -tomy tracheotomy/hysterotomy/craniotomy

切（割） -tome tracheotome/thoracotome

吻合 -stomy duodenoenterostomy/gastroesophagostomy

成形术 -plasty tracheoplasty/osteoplasty/myoplasty

整（矫）形 ortho- orthopedics/orthopod/orthotherapy

造影 -graphy angiography/nephrography/phlebography

经… trans- transdominal/translateral/transurethral

注：ortho-也是“正”“原”的前缀，如：ortho-acid（正酸）-graphy为方法，如：electrocardigraphy 心电图检查术；graph为仪器，如：electrocardigraph心电图机；gram为图象，文字，如：electrocardiogram心电图记录。

9．与化学品有关的前（后）缀含义前（后）缀示例

酸盐 ate sulfate/nitrate/acetate

醇 -ol alcohol/propanol/taxol

醛 -al retinal/methylal/propanal

酮 -one acetone/progesterone/ketone

糖 glyco- glycogenolysissaccharo- saccharomyces-saccharide polysaccharide

酶-ase reductase/transminase/kinase

素 -in penicillin/heparin/nuclein

原 -gen allogen/antigen/glycogen

苯基/酚 phen-/pheno-phenol/phenate/phenetidin

氨基 amino- aminobenzene/aminopherase/aminopyrine

10．与“作用”有关的前（后）缀含义前（后）缀示例

杀 -cide/-cidal insecticide/pesticide/bactericidal

抑 -stasis/-staticbacteriostasis/virostatic/tuberculostatic

驱逐 -fuge febrifuge/centrifuge

抗 -anti antibiotic/antimycotic/antimutagen

去/脱/除 de- dehydroprednisone/detergent/desensitization

回/再/复 re- reabsorb/reactivation/recombinant

冷冻 cryo- cryobiology/cryopreservation/cryoprotectant

否/去/分离 dis- disinfection/dissociate/dissection

向后/退行 retro-retrograde/retrosternal/retrocardiac

来自：医学徐琦老师