英语标准化考试: 托福、雅思、托业等之间的区别（1）

Category: 托福雅思 Date: 2019年2月6日下午3:54

TOEFL, IELTS, and TOEIC, comparing the standardized tests of English

International students and workers must take a standardized test of English to move into higher levels of education and employment. There are three popular tests that universities or employers can use. They are the Test of English as a Foreign Language, TOEFL, the Test of English for International Communication, TOEIC, and the International English Language Testing System, IELTS.
国际学生和国际工人为了接受更高水平的教育和进入更高层次的就业单位，必须参加英语标准化考试。大学或雇主可以采用三种流行的考试方式。它们分别是：托福（Test of English as a Foreign Language，简称：TOEFL）；托业（Test of English for International Communication，简称：TOEIC）；雅思（International English Language Testing System，简称：IELTS）。
In most cases, the choice is clear. A student applying to a school learns which test the program requires. However, some programs or universities will accept scores from any of the international tests of English. Then, a student may choose which test to take.
在大多数情况下，怎么选择是很清楚的。一个学生申请哪个学校，就要学习这个学校所要求的考试。然而，有些项目或大学会认可这三种英语国际测试成绩中的任何一种。这时，学生可以自己选择要参加哪个考试。
The TOEIC tests workplace communication
托业测试的是工作环境中的沟通能力
The Educational Testing Service, ETS, in Princeton, New Jersey, develops and administers both the TOEFL and the TOEIC. It says the TOEIC measures the everyday English skills of people working in an international environment.
位于新泽西州普林斯顿的美国教育考试服务中心(ETS)负责开发和监管托福和托业考试。托业考试衡量的是在国际环境中工作的人们的日常英语技能。
The TOEIC test started in the 1970s. The Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry asked ETS to develop a test for corporations to use. They wanted to know if non-native English speakers could carry out business in English.
托业考试开始于20世纪70年代。日本国际贸易和工业部(Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry)要求美国教育考试服务中心开发一种供企业使用的考试。他们想知道非英语国家的人是否能用英语从事商业活动。
The TOEIC does not require knowledge of special business words
托业考试不需要特殊的商务词汇方面的知识
The TOEIC is based on English used in the workplace. But the test does not require knowledge of special business words. The questions come from real situations like attending a company meeting.
托业以工作场合所使用的英语为基础。但是这个测试不需要特殊的商务词汇方面的知识。考试试题源自实际情景，如参加公司会议等。
Organizations sometimes use the TOEIC to measure progress in English training programs. They also use it to consider people for placement at the right level in language programs. ETS says that 14,000 organizations in 150 countries use the TOEIC.
有些机构有时用托业来衡量英语培训项目的进展。依据语言水平进行职位配置时，他们也会使用托业考试。美国教育考试服务中心表示，150个国家的14000个组织使用托业考试。
The TOEFL tests English used in the classroom
托福测试的是课堂上使用英语的能力
There are several versions of the TOEFL.
托福考试有几种形式。
TOEFL IBT
托福网考，即新托福
Students take the Internet-based TOEFL, or TOEFL IBT, on a computer. Many U.S. universities require the TOEFL IBT for international student admissions.
学生在电脑上通过互联网进行考试(TOEFL IBT)。许多美国的大学在招收国际学生时都要求网考。
TOEFL ITP
学院托福
Another TOEFL is the paper-based TOEFL, or TOEFL ITP. It is part of ETS's institutional testing program. TOEFL ITP is used within institutions for the purpose of placement or to evaluate progress of students. It is not accepted for entrance to universities.
另一种托福考试形式是纸考(TOEFL ITP)。这是美国教育考试中心的学院托福。学院托福在院校中用于学生的实习或评估学生的进步。它不作为大学录取标准。
TOEFL Junior Test
初中托福考试
For young English learners, there are two new TOEFL tests. The TOEFL Junior Test is for young people between 11 and 15 years old. And the TOEFL Primary Test is for those over the age of eight.
对年轻的英语学习者，新托福有两种考试形式。初中托福考试(TOEFL Junior Test)是为11到15岁的年轻人准备的。小学托福考试( TOEFL Primary Test)针对8岁以上的学生。