加威教育计算机科学(Computer Science)之“五问五答”（上）

Computer Science

加威教育计算机科学(Computer Science)之“五问五答”（下）

1.    Q: What is computer science?

一问：什么是计算机科学？

A: The essence of computer science is to, with assistance of computer processor and software, solve real-world problems. Simply put, Computer Science is a school of study that makes the most of the knowledge from computer programming and software. In reality, computers view the world (or the world in theirs heads) as different types of data and then, manipulate and utilize these data. Basically,  countless of real-world circumstances can be illustrated by programming, or coding. One suitable example will be the task of handling the busy traffic,  where we should view each passing car, interp, and traffic light as a certain object. In the realm of computer science, an object is a thing that has its own attributes and behaviors. Handling each object separately will help us simplify the whole problem.

一答：计算机科学的核心要义就是利用计算机解决现实生活中的种种问题。简而言之，计算机科学是一门依托计算机软件和处理系统的实用科学，它利用计算机本身高效的处理速度和各种各样复杂的功能，去解决人们生活中遇到的具体问题。实际上，计算机是这样看待它们心中的世界的：所有的不同种类的事物都是某种数据，将这些数据打包、整理、处理、再输出是它们最重要的工作。生活中很多情形都可以利用计算机来模拟并且处理。举个例子来说，在处理繁忙的交通车流量问题时，我们可以把每辆车、每个路口、每个交通信号灯都当做一个对象（在计算机科学里被称为Object），每个对象都有与之对应的属性和表现，我们分别处理即可，整个问题就会变得简单明了化。

2.    Q: What are some of the most popular programming languages?

二问：哪些计算机编程语言比较流行呢？

A: For the time being, Java, C++, and Python are probably the three most popular programming languages globally. Each of them has some advantages and disadvantages. For instance, Java and Python are easier to learn, with simpler formats and syntax. Meanwhile, C++ is more time-efficient and closer to the operating system. Normally, it is highly advisable for starters to learn Java and Python first.

二答：目前来说，Java、C++、Python很可能是最流行的三种计算机编程语言。当然，他们当中每一个都有优缺点。比如说，Java和Python比较容易学习和上手，它们有相对简单的语法结构和形式。与Java和Python比较而言，C++更具高效性，更接近于计算机的处理系统。对于初学者来说，Java和Python还是比较容易上手的。

3.    Q: What can you do with computer science/programming/coding?

三问：利用计算机科学/编程/打码，你具体能做些什么呢？

A: Just like the essence of computer science, you can solve many real-world problems by means of coding. For example, you can design an APP to help you choose the most suitable career in the future, or you can write some code to solve a hard puzzle, or you can simply write some code to find out the shortest path out from a certain maze. Anyway, programming makes your life easier.

三答：正如计算机科学的核心要义一样，你可以利用编程去解决相当多的日常生活中遇到的问题。举个例子来说，你可以创造一个APP去帮助自己选择一个最适合自己的未来职业；你可以利用编程去解决一个用手根本无法解决的复杂难题；你还可以利用编程去找一条最短的离开迷宫的路线。总而言之，编程能力一定会使你的生活变得方便和轻松很多。

4.    Q: What is programming language? What is machine language? How does it differ than the machine language?

四问：什么是编程语言？什么是计算机语言？两者之间有何区别？

A: Normally, when people are talking about programming language, they are referring to those HLLs, or High Level Languages. For instance, Java, Python, C++ are all high-level languages. Basically, high level languages are human-readable and human-understandable programming language. To be more specific, in Java, if you want to print something like “I love computer science!” out on the console, you will just need to type “System.out.println(“I love computer science!”)”. Then your computer will totally understand this in Java and print it out on the screen for you to see. Machine language, on the other hand, is literally made of ones and zeroes, such as “10101011” and “00001”. Your computer is able to directly understand the machine language. However, HLL will need to be compiled and converted to machine language in order for computers to work.

四答：通常来说，当人们讨论编程语言，他们往往指的是高级编程语言。Java、Python、C++都是高级编程语言。大体来说，高级编程语言是一种人类能看懂的，按照一定规则来执行的语句或段落。更具体来说，拿Java来举个例子，如果你想在屏幕上打出“我热爱计算机科学！”这行字，你只需要输入“System.out.println(“我热爱计算机科学!”)；”. 这样，你的电脑就知道你是要用Java编程语言去打出这些字了。计算机语言，相较于高级编程语言，则完全是由0和1构成的，比如说“10101011”和“00001”. 你的计算机能够直接理解你写的任何计算机语言，然而，你的计算机并不能直接理解高级编程语言。这些高级编程语言往往需要被转化为计算机语言，才能被执行。