写作：A-level,IB以及AP优异成绩的地基

写作是AP英语课程和考试的核心，在AP英语课程学习中，文章撰写“过程”被认为需要通过思考、计划、起草文章、然后回顾、讨论、重新起草、编辑、润色，最后才完成。

学会写批判性或说明性的及时的文章需要时间和实践。但这将会帮助学生发展成为有条理的，有逻辑的，清晰的，批判性的人，恰恰这也是藤校未来的人才所需具备的主要品质。 

考试形式

Format of Assessment

p I: Multiple Choice: 52–55 Questions | 1 Hour | 45% of Exam Score• Includes excerpts from several non-fiction texts

• Each excerpt is accompanied by several multiple-choice questions

第一部分：单项选择：52-55道题 | 1小时 | 占考试成绩的45%

·包括几篇非小说类（即非虚构）的文本片段

·每一段节选都附有几个选择题

p II: Free Response: 3 Prompts | 2 Hours, 15 Minutes | 55% of Exam Score

• 15 minutes for reading source materials for the synthesisprompt (in the free-response p)
• 2 hours to write essay responses to the three free-response promptsPrompt TypesSynthesis: Students read several texts about a topic and create an argument that synthesizes at least three of the sources to support their thesis.Rhetorical Analysis: Students read a non-fiction text and analyze how the writer’s language choices contribute to his or her purpose and intended meaning for the text.Argument: Students create an evidence-based argument that responds to a given topic.

第二部分：写作：3个题目 | 2小时15分钟 | 占考试成绩的55%

·写作总时间是2小时15分钟

·这包括15分钟的阅读时间给综合性写作的阅读资料，这是为了给学生提供时间来开展思路，组织语言回答。

·剩余2小时完成对应三道写作题目，考试建议每篇40分钟完成。通常考生会在综合阅读期结束前开始答题。

写作类型

综合性写作：学生阅读几段关于一个主题的文本，并创建一个论点，综合至少三个来源来支持他们的论文。

修辞分析性写作：学生阅读非小说文本，并分析作者的语言选择是如何有助于他文本的目的和意图。

议论性写作：学生创建一个基于证据的论点，以回应给定的主题。

Sample Multiple-Choice Question

范例

单项选择题目范例

给出一篇短文，并要求根据这篇文章回答一组提示和问题。

Students are given a passage of writing and asked to respond to a set of prompts and questions based on the passage. Below is one example.

The primary rhetorical function of lines 14–22 is to

(A) provide support for a thesis supplied in lines 1–2

(B) provide evidence to contrast with that supplied in the first paragraph

(C) present a thesis that will be challenged in paragraph three

(D) introduce a series of generalizations that are supported in the last two paragraphs

(E) anticipate objections raised by the ideas presented in lines 12–14

Sample Free-Response Question

The following passage is from Rights of Man, a book written by the pamphleteerThomas Paine in 1791. Born in England, Paine was an intellectual, a revolutionary, and a supporter of American independence from England. Read the passage carefully. Then write an essay that examines the extent to which Paine’s characterization of America holds true today. Use appropriate evidence to support your argument.

If there is a country in the world, where concord, according to common calculation, would be least expected,
it is America. Made up, as it is, of people from different nations, accustomed to different forms and habits of government, speaking different languages, and more different in their modes of worship, it would appear that the union of such a people was impracticable; but by the simple operation of constructing government on the principles of society and the rights of man, every difficulty retires, and all the parts are brought into cordial unison.There, the poor are not oppressed, the rich are not privileged....Their taxes are few, because their government is just; and as there is nothing to render them wretched, there is nothing to engender riots and tumults.

以综合性写作为例，需要仔细阅读六个阅读材料，然后至少从三个素材中整合信息，完成一篇文章。

Eminent domain is the power governments have to acquire property from private owners for public use. The rationale behind eminent domain is that governments have greater legal authority over lands within their dominion than do private owners. Eminent domain has been instituted in one way or another throughout the world for hundreds of years.

征用权是指政府必须从私人所有者那里获得财产以供公共使用的权力。征用土地背后的理由是政府对其内的土地拥有比私人所有者更大的法律权力。数百年来，世界各地都以这样或那样的方式建立了知名领域。

Carefully read the following six sources, including the introductory information for each source. Then synthesize material from at least three of the sources and incorporate it into a coherent, well-developed essay that defends, challenges, or qualifies the notion that eminent domain is productive and beneficial.

Your argument should be the focus of your essay. Use the sources to develop your argument and explain the reasoning for it. Avoid merely summarizing the sources. Indicate clearly which sources you are drawing from, whether through direct quotation, paraphrase, or summary. You may cite the sources as Source A, Source B, etc., or by using the descriptions in parentheses.

Source A (U.S. Department of Justice)

Source B (Carney)

Source C (Somin)

Source D (Porter)

Source E (cartoon)

Source F (Narciso)

每篇写作评分范围为0-9分，下图为8分作文。

 对于考官给与的评论是： 

·有效地高质量的主张（effectively qualified claim）

·有充分的理由（offers well-reasoned）

·有效的讨论素材内容（effective discussions of source）

·有令人信服的例子（provides a convincing example） 

·语言控制还需完善（language control not flawless）

从AP英语语言与写作考试可以看出，写作对于选择AP课程的学生来说，其要求与难度都十分之高。在综合性写作，方面需要考生有良好的文化素养，需要拥有在人文，历史，政治，科学等各个方面的储备知识，并且有良好的阅读能力以及信息筛选能力。在修辞分析性写作方面，需要考生理解文章意图，具备语言敏感性，并将或得到的信息通过转换，用自己的观点表达出来。而议论性写作，更注重考生的思辨能力，需要具备大量的论点与论据去论证题目。当然高分获得还需要有良好的语法，词汇，文章结构等基础上。

相比较而言，准备去上AP课程的孩子们准备好面对写作了吗？