写好IB EE ——段落结构
How to write your extended essay?
Introduction of the paragraph structure.
今天我们来讨论下更细节的Paragraph structure. Paragraphs are the basic building blocks of academic writing. (搬好每块砖,才能盖好楼)
每个Paragraph基本有以下几个部分: 1. Topic Sentence 2. Example 1 3. Example 2 (possible, even example 3 if needed) 4. Reason 5. Summary
具体的分析我们来看下下面的例子:
第一句,However, the V-Weapons brought their share of troubles to the Germans as well as the allies. “However”表达和这个段落和上个段落的逻辑关系是个转折关系。第一句整体作为Topic sentence引出了这一整段的内容,让读者在第一句里就能快速have a sense of the entire paragraph.
第二句,“The project itself had over 12,000 working at Peenumünde at its height, as well as thousands more working as forced slave labour to produce the rockets in the underground product facilities at Mittelwerk, Wiener Neustadt and Friedrichshafe ”是个详细的example。
具体形容了出现了哪些 “trouble”, 用具体的人数,thousands more (数以千计), forced slave labour (强迫性劳力,为了表达强迫性,使用了slave表达了程度) 等词描述了使用V-weapon的德国自身遇到的困难。
第三句,为了让数字更有说服力,读者更有代入感,”This extraordinary example of manpower was comparable to that of the Manhattan project in size and scope.” 用了Manhattan project 做参考,使用对比让人对研发和生产V-power的weapon使用的人力更有实感。
最后一句,总结了全文, “Money as well as people, was piled into the project”. 再次强调了V-weapon的产生是投入了大量的人力和物力的,加强了读者的印象。
上面是我给大家举的例子是个比较短的段落,那写到论点更加复杂或者文章的核心论点的部分,可能需要使用更多的example来进行说明,每个example之间也需要清晰的表达出时间或者逻辑关联。
在大纲的基础上,写出具体的论据和论点的时候每个段落都要使用类似的段落结构(尤其是在body of the essay的部分),这些段落结构再根据逻辑进行连接,最后连成完整的一篇文章。
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