2017 AP Biology生物真题系列之选择题免费下载

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2017 AP Biology Practice Exam Multiple Choice and Grid-In Questions Free Download

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1）The food web represented above does not include bacteria and fungi. Which of the following best describes a consequence of having no bacteria and fungi in the food web?

1. Grasses will have no direct access to chemical components recycled from dead organisms.
2. Rabbits will have no direct access to energy absorbed from secondary consumers.
3. Shrews will have no direct access to matter transferred from tertiary consumers.
4. Hawks will have no direct access to nitrogen acquired from the atmosphere.

3)A widely accepted hypothesis about the origin of life on Earth is that life arose approximately 3.5 billion years ago as the result of a complex sequence of chemical reactions that took place spontaneously in Earth’s atmosphere. Another hypothesis about the origin of life suggests that life began somewhere else in the universe and arrived on Earth by chance. Which of the following questions might scientists ask to most reliably determine if there has ever been life on Mars?

1. How far from Earth was Mars 3.5 billion years ago?
2. Is there scientific proof that Earth ever had an oxygen-free atmosphere?
3. Did Mars have the elements present in its atmosphere to support life?
4. Was there oxygen gas on Mars 3.5 billion years ago?

4)Cortisol is a hormone produced in response to stress, including starvation, in humans. Which of the following is most likely an immediate effect of a starvation-induced increase in cortisol secretion?

1. Increased activation of the immune system
2. Increased urine production by the kidneys
3. Increased bone and collagen formation
4. Increased mobilization of fatty acids from fat cells

5)Ciprofloxacin is given as an antibiotic to healthy livestock to promote efficient weight gain. Strains of the bacterium Campylobacter jejuni naturally colonize the digestive tracts of livestock, and the C. jejuni can be transferred to people through the handling and consumption of contaminated meat. People infected with C. jejuni also are treated with ciprofloxacin. Which of the following is the most likely consequence of adding ciprofloxacin to animal feed?

1. Naturally occurring strains of C. jejuni will reproduce more rapidly in the digestive tracts of livestock, reducing the risk of food-borne illnesses in people.
2. Ciprofloxacin-resistant strains of C. jejuni will have a selective advantage in the digestive tracts of livestock, increasing the risk of serious infections in people.
3. Ciprofloxacin-sensitive strains of C. jejuni will be consumed in meat that contains a chemical that inhibits bacterial growth, reducing the risk of food poisoning in people.
4. Actively growing strains of C. jejuni will metabolize the nutrients in meat produced by livestock operations, increasing the

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